中国制造业空间集聚及其动态演化
发布时间：2018-08-27 05:56
【摘要】：产业集聚是各类生产要素向特定地理区域集中的过程,经济学界关于这一现象的研究由来已久。上世纪90年代之后,Krugman、Ellison等人对美国制造业产业集聚现象进行了深入探讨分析,引发了对于集聚现象的研究热潮。在对于集聚现象的研究当中,一个难以回避的重要问题是如何恰当的测度产业集聚的水平,探索合适的方法来有效衡量产业空间集聚水平也一直是经济学家关注的重要研究方向。尽管国外研究在指标构建方面已经取得了一些突破性的进展,但是整体来看,国内在集聚的静态刻画方面使用的指标仍然较为原始而粗糙,尤其是由于忽略企业规模影响、缺乏必要的微观基础而造成的刻画失真。另一方面,产业聚集作为一个动态的过程,仅作简单的静态刻画远不足以说明集聚变动的全部特征,这需要对产业集聚过程进行动态分解研究。从20世纪90年代中后期开始,经济学家开始将将文化、制度及关系等相关因素引入分析,演化经济地理学逐步形成,对产业集聚的动态研究逐步向时间、空间演变的方向过渡。本文利用1998-2009年中国工业企业数据库,从微观数据出发,分别计算了省市县三级、30个两位数行业、163个三位数行业和430个四位数行业的EG指数,发现从整体看,制造业集聚水平在1998-2009年快速上升,但上升的速度逐步放缓,出现了"再分散"的倾向。从集聚的行业特征上看,部分行业集聚水平较高是由于受到自然资源约束,而其他一些行业的集聚则可能与运输成本等因素有关。进一步地。我们对EG指数进行了分解,从动态演进角度对集聚趋势变动进行了考察,并与企业年龄及属性等微观因素相联系,更加深入地研究了集聚趋缓的来源。研究发现,尽管随机效应也在一定程度上对制造业产业集中度提升做出了贡献,但在当前我国制造业空间演变过程仍然较多的取决于历史因素;就业人口向旧有产业中心成熟阶段企业的不断集中始终是促进产业集聚水平上升的最主要因素,而集聚趋势的放缓则可能源于进入阶段企业均值发散效应迅速衰减;此外国有企业属性往往对集聚水平贡献低于非国有企业,这或许与国企背负的诸多非市场因素有关。
[Abstract]:Industrial agglomeration is the process of concentration of all kinds of factors of production to specific geographical regions. The study on this phenomenon in the field of economics has a long history. After 1990s, Krugman Ellison and others deeply discussed and analyzed the phenomenon of industrial agglomeration in American manufacturing industry, which led to the upsurge of research on the phenomenon of agglomeration. In the study of the phenomenon of agglomeration, an important problem is how to measure the level of industrial agglomeration properly. Exploring suitable methods to measure the level of industrial spatial agglomeration is also an important research direction of economists. Although some breakthrough progress has been made in the field of index construction in foreign research, on the whole, the indicators used in static characterization of agglomeration are still primitive and rough, especially because of neglecting the influence of enterprise size. The lack of the necessary microscopic basis for the distortion of the characterization. On the other hand, as a dynamic process, the simple static description is far from enough to explain all the characteristics of agglomeration, which requires the dynamic decomposition of the industrial agglomeration process. From the middle and late 1990s, economists began to introduce culture, institution and relationship into the analysis, the evolution of economic geography gradually formed, and the dynamic study of industrial agglomeration gradually changed to the direction of time and space. Using the China Industrial Enterprise Database from 1998 to 2009, this paper calculates the EG index of three levels of provinces, cities and counties, 30 double-digit industries, 163 three-digit industries and 430 four-digit industries from the microcosmic data. The level of manufacturing agglomeration rose rapidly from 1998 to 2009, but the rate of increase gradually slowed down, and the trend of "re-decentralization" appeared. In terms of the industry characteristics of agglomeration, the higher level of agglomeration of some industries is due to the constraints of natural resources, while the agglomeration of other industries may be related to factors such as transportation cost and so on. Further. We decompose the EG exponent, investigate the change of agglomeration trend from the angle of dynamic evolution, and study the source of agglomeration slowing down more deeply with the microcosmic factors such as enterprise age and attribute. It is found that although the stochastic effect also contributes to the improvement of manufacturing industry concentration to a certain extent, the spatial evolution of manufacturing industry in China still depends on historical factors. The continuous concentration of the employed population to the mature stage of the old industrial center is always the most important factor to promote the rise of the industrial agglomeration level, and the slowing down of the agglomeration trend may result from the rapid attenuation of the average divergence effect in the entering stage. In addition, the attributes of state-owned enterprises often contribute less to the level of agglomeration than non-state-owned enterprises, which may be related to many non-market factors that state-owned enterprises bear.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F424
本文编号：2206315
[Abstract]:Industrial agglomeration is the process of concentration of all kinds of factors of production to specific geographical regions. The study on this phenomenon in the field of economics has a long history. After 1990s, Krugman Ellison and others deeply discussed and analyzed the phenomenon of industrial agglomeration in American manufacturing industry, which led to the upsurge of research on the phenomenon of agglomeration. In the study of the phenomenon of agglomeration, an important problem is how to measure the level of industrial agglomeration properly. Exploring suitable methods to measure the level of industrial spatial agglomeration is also an important research direction of economists. Although some breakthrough progress has been made in the field of index construction in foreign research, on the whole, the indicators used in static characterization of agglomeration are still primitive and rough, especially because of neglecting the influence of enterprise size. The lack of the necessary microscopic basis for the distortion of the characterization. On the other hand, as a dynamic process, the simple static description is far from enough to explain all the characteristics of agglomeration, which requires the dynamic decomposition of the industrial agglomeration process. From the middle and late 1990s, economists began to introduce culture, institution and relationship into the analysis, the evolution of economic geography gradually formed, and the dynamic study of industrial agglomeration gradually changed to the direction of time and space. Using the China Industrial Enterprise Database from 1998 to 2009, this paper calculates the EG index of three levels of provinces, cities and counties, 30 double-digit industries, 163 three-digit industries and 430 four-digit industries from the microcosmic data. The level of manufacturing agglomeration rose rapidly from 1998 to 2009, but the rate of increase gradually slowed down, and the trend of "re-decentralization" appeared. In terms of the industry characteristics of agglomeration, the higher level of agglomeration of some industries is due to the constraints of natural resources, while the agglomeration of other industries may be related to factors such as transportation cost and so on. Further. We decompose the EG exponent, investigate the change of agglomeration trend from the angle of dynamic evolution, and study the source of agglomeration slowing down more deeply with the microcosmic factors such as enterprise age and attribute. It is found that although the stochastic effect also contributes to the improvement of manufacturing industry concentration to a certain extent, the spatial evolution of manufacturing industry in China still depends on historical factors. The continuous concentration of the employed population to the mature stage of the old industrial center is always the most important factor to promote the rise of the industrial agglomeration level, and the slowing down of the agglomeration trend may result from the rapid attenuation of the average divergence effect in the entering stage. In addition, the attributes of state-owned enterprises often contribute less to the level of agglomeration than non-state-owned enterprises, which may be related to many non-market factors that state-owned enterprises bear.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F424
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