航天某院电子文档管理系统软件外包风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-11-14 10:06

【摘要】：电子文档的出现给传统文档管理模式带来巨大冲击。作为文件类型庞杂、电子文件数量大、文档使用频率高、文档管理水平要求高的航天系统档案管理部门,在文档管理信息化方面却处于滞后状态。应用电子文档管理系统已成为航天系统高效管理文档的迫切需求。航天单位将电子文档管理系统软件开发外包,不仅有助于专注于制定、完善企业发展规划,更有助于削减系统开发成本,降低产品开发失败的风险,提高航天系统服务效率和管理水平。然而,航天单位在科研文档格式、信息安全管理等方面具有特殊性,将软件开发外包会面临不少风险。本文通过文献调查法、问卷调查法、鱼刺图法和层次分析法对航天单位电子文档管理系统软件外包的风险管理问题进行研究。首先通过文献调查法,结合工作经验,分析航天单位文档管理工作中存在的问题,讨论应用电子文档管理系统的必要性和软件外包的可行性,对电子文档管理系统的核心功能和非功能性需求进行分析。其次通过问卷调查法和鱼刺图法,识别软件开发在外包过程中的阶段风险和综合风险,发现阶段风险包括需求调研风险、承包商评估和选择风险、合同条款风险等,综合风险包括信息安全风险、双边道德风险和创新能力退化风险。接着利用层次分析法(AHP)对风险因素进行评估,从风险影响程度、发生概率、可控程度三个层面分析风险因素的重要程度,认为航天单位软件外包面临最重要的风险因素是合同条款风险、需求变更风险、进度与质量风险等,重要程度较低的风险是创新能力退化风险和人员配置风险。最后根据不同风险源的特性和影响提出相应的风险应对策略,同时结合航天某院的实际案例进行验证分析。本文的主要研究结论有:航天单位可以将电子文档管理系统软件进行外包,但需做好风险管理工作,特别是控制和防范合同条款风险、承包商评估和选择风险、需求调研风险和信息安全风险等。航天单位应该在需求分析、承包商选择、合同管理、控制外包实施过程等环节做好风险管理工作,规避、减轻和转移软件外包过程所面临的各种风险。文中所得结论可以为航天单位或其他企事业单位将软件开发外包时在关于风险管理上提供决策指导作用。
[Abstract]:The emergence of electronic documents has brought great impact to the traditional document management mode. As a large file type, large number of electronic files, high frequency of document use, and high level of document management, the space system archives management department is lagging behind in document management information. The application of electronic document management system has become an urgent need for space systems to efficiently manage documents. The outsourcing of electronic document management system software development by aerospace units not only helps to focus on formulating and perfecting enterprise development plans, but also helps to cut down system development costs and reduce the risk of product development failure. To improve the service efficiency and management level of space systems. However, spaceflight units have particularity in scientific research document format, information security management and so on, so outsourcing software development will face a lot of risks. In this paper, the risk management of software outsourcing in electronic document management system of aerospace units is studied by means of literature survey, questionnaire survey, fish-prick diagram and analytic hierarchy process. First of all, through the literature survey method, combined with the work experience, analyzes the existing problems in the document management of aerospace units, discusses the necessity of the application of electronic document management system and the feasibility of software outsourcing. The core functions and non-functional requirements of electronic document management system are analyzed. Secondly, by means of questionnaire survey and fish-prickly diagram, the stage risk and comprehensive risk of software development in the process of outsourcing are identified. It is found that the stage risk includes demand investigation risk, contractor evaluation and selection risk, contract clause risk and so on. The comprehensive risk includes information security risk, bilateral moral hazard and innovation ability degradation risk. Then using AHP (AHP) to evaluate the risk factors, the importance of risk factors is analyzed from three aspects: the degree of risk influence, probability of occurrence, degree of controllability. It is considered that the most important risk factors for software outsourcing in aerospace units are contract clause risk, demand change risk, schedule and quality risk, etc. The less important risk is innovation ability degradation risk and personnel allocation risk. Finally, according to the characteristics and effects of different risk sources, the corresponding risk coping strategies are put forward. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: aerospace units can outsource the software of electronic document management system, but they need to do a good job of risk management, especially to control and guard against the risk of contract terms, to evaluate and select the risks of contractors. Demand research risk and information security risk. Spaceflight units should do a good job of risk management in demand analysis, contractor selection, contract management and control of outsourcing implementation process to avoid, mitigate and transfer all kinds of risks faced by software outsourcing process. The conclusions obtained in this paper can provide decision guidance for spaceflight units or other enterprises and institutions in the risk management when they outsource software development.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(中国科学院工程管理与信息技术学院)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.5;TP311.5

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