正规金融机构与农业龙头企业合作的风险研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 18:40

本文关键词：正规金融机构与农业龙头企业合作的风险研究　出处：《中国海洋大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：正规金融机构与农业龙头企业的合作,其与一般性的公司贷款不同,资金的真正使用者是农户,因此合作中的风险控制也存在差别。论文的研究旨在评价正规金融机构与农业龙头企业合作的风险状况,提出适合双方合作的风险控制措施。本文以信贷补贴理论、农村金融市场理论、不完全竞争市场理论等农村金融理论为基础,以龙头企业在合作中发挥的作用为标准,提出合作可以划分为统贷统还模式、订单质押模式以及龙头企业担保模式。其次,提出正规金融机构通过客户筛选、信贷额度控制、贷后监督,龙头企业通过生产技术指导,政府通过合同履行监督等措施控制合作风险。通过分析发现,风险主要来自于农户、农业龙头企业、订单合同以及外部环境,以此为基础设立指标：农户层面的信誉状况、文化水平、生产技术水平、抵押担保情况,龙头企业层面的信誉情况、生产经营情况、风险控制情况、抵押担保情况,订单合同层面的合同条款、仲裁方式、违约成本、契约的不完备性,外部环境层面的价格风险、自然风险、政策风险以及风险保障。其后,通过模糊层次分析法得出指标的权重值。依据农业龙头企业风险控制措施差异最大化的原则,本文选取了山西亨哈山珍公司和辽宁宏达牛业有限公司与正规金融机构的合作为例,运用建立的风险评价体系对风险状况进行评价。研究发现,正规金融机构在与后者的合作中,风险系数值仅有0.398,远远小于与前者合作的0.722.风险状况出现明显差异的原因在于后者采取了一些有效控制信贷风险的手段：宏达公司参与农户调查降低了正规金融机构信息不对称的程度；公司要求农户基地集中饲养能够高效地监控农户的行为；公司要求农户提供与贷款价值相符的实物作为反担保。本文提出通过构建三道风险控制防线来降低正规金融机构所面临的风险：第一道风险控制,农户应当加强自我技术知识水平学习且增强保险意识,农业龙头企业要提高生产技术水平并加强对农户的培训,保险公司应创新农业保险品种加强为农业服务的力度,政府应积极发挥引导作用；第二道风险控制,由农业龙头企业实施,包括建立农户风险评价体系、引入中介组织、加强与农户合作中激励与约束机制的建立、帮助农户管理自然风险等；第三道风险控制,农业龙头企业运用期货期权等工具控制市场风险,运用风险基金控制担保风险,保险公司为企业提供全方位的保险,担保公司为企业提供再担保,政府对正规金融机构的风险损失给予补偿。本文的创新点主要有两个：第一,以正规金融与农业龙头企业合作中的风险问题作为选题,关注了农村金融产品创新过程中的风险问题。第二,通过具体案例分析和比较,发现正规金融与农业龙头企业合作中,控制龙头企业风险的主要手段：公司直接全面参与农户调查,运用基地集中饲养高效监控农户,建立实物抵押,借助农户之间的自我筛选机制控制风险。
[Abstract]:The formal financial institutions and agricultural leading enterprises cooperation, and general corporate loans, real users of funds is farmers, so the risk control in the cooperation are different. The thesis aims to cooperate with the leading agricultural enterprises to evaluate the formal financial institutions risk situation, put forward the suitable risk control measures of cooperation between the two sides.
In this paper, the credit subsidy theory, rural financial market theory, imperfect competition theory, rural financial theory, the leading enterprises play a role in the cooperation as the standard, the cooperation can be divided into system credit system also mode orders pledge mode of leading enterprises and guarantee model. Secondly, the formal financial institutions through customer screening, credit control, credit supervision, leading enterprises through production and technical guidance, the government through the contract supervision and other measures to control the risk of cooperation.
The analysis found that the risk is mainly from farmers, agricultural leading enterprises, the contract and the external environment, on the basis of the establishment of index: farmers credit status, cultural level, the level of production technology, collateral, credit level leading enterprises, production and management, risk control, mortgage guarantee, contract terms order, contract level arbitration, the cost of default, the contract is not complete, the level of external environment price risk, natural risk, policy risk and risk protection. Then, through the fuzzy AHP method to get the weights of index value.
According to the difference of agricultural leading enterprise risk control measures of maximum principle, this paper selects the Shanxi hengha mountain company and Liaoning HTC cattle industry Co. Ltd and the formal financial institutions cooperation as an example, using the risk assessment system to evaluate the risk status. The study found that the formal financial institutions in cooperation with the latter, and risk coefficient only 0.398 reasons, 0.722. is far less than the risk status and the cooperation of the obvious difference is that the latter has taken some effective control of credit risk means: Htc CO to participate in the household survey reduces the formal financial institutions, the degree of information asymmetry; the company requires farmers base concentrated feeding can efficiently monitor the behavior of households; the company requires farmers to provide counter guarantee and the value of loans with real actions.
This paper through the construction of three risk control defense to reduce the risk faced by formal financial institutions: the first risk control, farmers should strengthen self knowledge learning and enhance the awareness of insurance, agricultural leading enterprises to improve the level of production technology and to strengthen the training of farmers, insurance companies should strengthen the innovation of agricultural insurance for agricultural services efforts, the government should actively play a guiding role; second risk control, the implementation of the agricultural leading enterprises, including the establishment of farmers' risk evaluation system, the introduction of intermediary organizations, strengthen the establishment of incentive and restraint mechanism and farmers cooperation, help farmers management of natural risks; third risk control, control the market risk using futures and options of agricultural leading enterprises other tools, the use of risk control risk guarantee fund, the insurance company provides a full range of insurance companies, Guarantee Corporation Enterprises provide re guarantee, and the government compensates for the risk loss of regular financial institutions.
There are two main innovations of this paper: first, the risk problem in the formal finance and agricultural leading enterprises in cooperation as a topic, attention to the risk of rural financial product innovation process. In second, through the comparison and analysis of specific cases, found the formal financial and agricultural leading enterprise cooperation, the main means to control the risk of leading enterprises the company directly to fully participate in the household survey, the use of base concentrated feeding and efficient monitoring of farmers, the establishment of physical collateral, between farmers by means of self selection mechanism of risk control.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F324;F832.43

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