评析20世纪70-90年代美国金融自由化改革

发布时间：2018-01-18 04:20

本文关键词：评析20世纪70-90年代美国金融自由化改革　出处：《山东师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自20世纪70年代起，美国和世界经济形势发生巨大变化：70年代经济危机和经济“滞涨”；布雷顿森林体系崩溃；经济全球化迅速发展；美国分业经营的衰落；欧洲金融创新及美国国内金融机构为逃避监管层出不穷的金融创新。这些都对美国自30年代以来形成的金融制度造成巨大冲击。传统的国家干预式的凯恩斯主义政策显得无能为力，在此时新自由主义政策的兴起提供了金融自由化的药方，而科技的发展，电子计算机和网络的进步又为金融自由化了提供技术基础。20世纪70年代美国开始启动金融自由化改革进程，到1999年，美国国会通过《金融现代化服务法案》，该法案奠定了美国金融自由化的制度基础，从而成为美国金融法律发展的一个重要里程碑，标志着美国金融自由化改革的基本结束。美国金融自由化改革主要表现在利率自由化、金融服务贸易自由化、金融机构混业化等方面。这个进程持续了近30年的时间，引领着世界范围内金融自由化的发展并成为世界各国金融自由化改革的楷模。金融自由化改革使美国金融控股迅速发展，美国虚拟经济迅速发展，使美国成为金融国家，加强了美国的金融霸权。然而在2007年金融危机开始在美国金融机构蔓延开来，，并在2008年达到高峰，此次危机从金融体系快速传递到实体经济，给美国经济乃至全球经济带来巨大损失，也暴露了金融自由化带来的很多弊端，时至今日，美国仍没有摆脱次贷危机带来的负面影响。本文试以历史角度分析美国金融自由化的背景，梳理美国金融自由化的进程，评价美国金融自由化的利弊，以期总结出美国金融自由化的经验和教训，从而获得一些有利于中国金融自由化进程的有益启示。
[Abstract]:Since 1970s, great changes have taken place in the economic situation of the United States and the world. The collapse of the Bretton Woods system; The rapid development of economic globalization; The decline of American separate operation; Financial innovation in Europe and financial innovation in the United States as a means of avoiding regulation. All of these have had a huge impact on the financial system that has formed in the United States since 30s. The traditional state intervention Keynesian master. Policy seems powerless. At this time, the rise of neoliberal policies provided a prescription for financial liberalization, while the development of science and technology. The progress of computer and network provided the technical foundation for financial liberalization. In 70s, the United States began the process of financial liberalization reform, until 1999. The US Congress passed the Financial Modernization Services Act, which laid the institutional foundation of the financial liberalization of the United States, and thus became an important milestone in the development of American financial law. It marks the end of the financial liberalization reform in the United States, which is mainly manifested in the liberalization of interest rates and the liberalization of trade in financial services. This process has been going on for nearly 30 years. It leads the development of financial liberalization in the world and becomes the model of financial liberalization reform in various countries in the world. The financial liberalization reform makes the financial holding of the United States develop rapidly and the fictitious economy of the United States develops rapidly. In 2007, however, the financial crisis began to spread in the United States financial institutions, and reached its peak in 2008. The crisis from the financial system to the real economy, to the United States economy and even the global economy brought huge losses, but also exposed the financial liberalization brought many drawbacks, to this day. This paper tries to analyze the background of American financial liberalization from a historical point of view, comb the process of American financial liberalization, and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of American financial liberalization. In order to sum up the experience and lessons of American financial liberalization, we can get some beneficial enlightenment for China's financial liberalization process.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F837.12

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