基于融资难问题的小额贷款公司设计方案探究

发布时间：2018-03-20 01:24

本文选题：中小微企业　切入点：融资　出处：《西南财经大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：世界各国都面临着中小微企业“融资难”问题,自2007年末金融危机爆发以来,这一问题更加突显,中国也不例外。进入2011年后,伴随着全球和中国国内经济复苏趋势的日渐明朗,在通货膨胀压力不断增大和银行紧缩信贷规模的形势下,“融资难”问题迫使我国中小微企业面临资金紧缺、流动性紧张的危机,这严重阻碍了我国中小微企业健康发展。由于中小微企业对提升我国就业水平、推动技术创新、促进地区和农村经济发展等具有积极作用,因而,“融资难”问题在阻碍我国中小微企业发展的同时,也间接地对我国经济发展产生巨大的负面影响。由于中小微企业具有缺乏完整、真实的财务报表、缺少担保品和保证人等先天弱势,绝大部分有融资需求的中小微企业无法从银行等正规金融机构获得足额贷款。另外,由于我国市场中缺乏畅通的融资渠道和健全的融资服务体系,大多数被银行等金融机构拒之门外的中小微企业不得不承受民间借贷的高利率,这给它们带来了巨大的生存压力。为寻求对中小微企业“融资难”问题切实有效的解决方案,笔者认真学习和分析了淡马锡的“信贷工厂”模式和浙江泰隆商业银行“三品、三表”模式,在总结成功经验的同时,加以创新,设计出了基于成都市场可实现持续发展的MM小额贷款公司的设计方案。设计方案主要内容包括MM小额贷款公司的组织架构、目标客户、贷款产品、授信分析、贷款利率定价、风险管理、团队建设等。整个方案设计紧扣合法合规原则、风险收益相匹配原则和差异化原则,并通过MM小额贷款公司在成都市场可持续发展的可行性分析和MM小额贷款公司贷款利率定价模型的可行性分析对设计方案的合理性进行论证。小额贷款公司是正规金融机构的补充,与正规金融机构相比而言,它能更好地满足中小微企业“急、小、短、频”的融资需求,因为,小额贷款公司具有比银行等正规金融机构更低的贷款要求和更短的放款等候时间。另外,相较于民间借贷,它在利率上又具有较为明显的优势。小额贷款公司的这些优势会帮助小额贷款公司吸引大批的中小微企业客户。因而,一旦小额贷款公司能实现自身的可持续发展,未来,它将成为解决我国中小微企业“融资难”问题的有效途径,进而推动我国中小微企业、个体工商户等经济主体大发展。本文所设计的MM小额贷款公司在理论上具有可行性和可持续性,因而,MM小额贷款公司模式或这个设计中关于组织机构设置、贷款利率定价、授信分析法、审批流程等方面的创新可以为在实际中设立小额贷款公司提供参考,本文设计方案具有一定的现实借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Countries in the world are facing the problem of "financing difficulties" for small and medium-sized enterprises, which has become even more prominent since the outbreak of the financial crisis in end of 2007, and China is no exception. With the trend of global and domestic economic recovery becoming clearer, in the situation of increasing inflationary pressure and tightening credit scale of banks, the problem of "financing difficulties" has forced small and medium-sized enterprises in China to face a shortage of funds. The crisis of tight mobility has seriously hindered the healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. Because small and medium-sized enterprises play a positive role in raising the level of employment in China, promoting technological innovation, and promoting regional and rural economic development, etc. Therefore, the problem of "difficult financing" not only hinders the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, but also indirectly has a huge negative impact on the economic development of our country. Due to the lack of complete and true financial statements, the lack of collateral and guarantees, and the inherent weakness of SMEs, the vast majority of SMEs with financing needs are unable to obtain full loans from formal financial institutions such as banks. Due to the lack of unimpeded financing channels and sound financing service system in our country's market, most of the small and medium-sized enterprises which have been rejected by banks and other financial institutions have to bear the high interest rate of private lending, which has brought great pressure to their survival. In order to find a practical and effective solution to the problem of "financing difficulty" in small and medium-sized enterprises, the author has studied and analyzed the "credit factory" model of Temasek and the "three products, three tables" model of Zhejiang Tai long Commercial Bank. At the same time of summing up the successful experience and innovating, the design scheme of MM Microloan Company which can realize sustainable development based on Chengdu market is designed. The main content of the design scheme includes the organizational structure of MM Microloan Company, the target customers, Loan products, credit analysis, loan interest rate pricing, risk management, team building, etc. Through the feasibility analysis of MM microfinance company in Chengdu market sustainable development and the feasibility analysis of MM microfinance company loan interest rate pricing model, the rationality of the design scheme is demonstrated. Microfinance companies are complementary to formal financial institutions. Compared with formal financial institutions, they are better able to meet the "urgent, small, short and frequent" financing needs of small and medium-sized enterprises, because, Microfinance companies have lower loan requirements and shorter loan waiting times than formal financial institutions such as banks. In addition, compared to private lending, It also has obvious advantages in interest rates. These advantages of microfinance companies will help them attract a large number of small and medium-sized microenterprise customers. Thus, once the microfinance companies can achieve their own sustainable development, the future, It will become an effective way to solve the problem of "financing difficulty" in the middle and small enterprises of our country, and then promote the development of the economic main bodies such as small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households in our country. The MM micro-loan company designed in this paper is theoretically feasible and sustainable, so the model of MM micro-loan company or this design is concerned with organization setting, loan interest rate pricing, credit analysis. The innovation of examination and approval process can provide reference for setting up micro-loan company in practice. The design of this paper has some practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.4

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