中国邮政农村金融市场的信贷代理研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 05:06

本文选题：邮政金融　切入点：农村金融　出处：《中国农业科学院》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国经济改革开放以来走过了波澜壮阔的30多年，城市化、工业化飞速发展，经济增长令世界瞩目。毫无疑问，未来30年的国家经济发展重点在广袤的农村地区，在于让改革的红利惠及广大农村居民。金融是现代经济的血液，“贫血”一直以来都是制约我国农村经济发展的桎梏，，在改革攻坚期，如何利用金融杠杆撬动农村经济发展，纠正城乡失衡，确保经济社会长期稳定可持续发展，日益成为政府、学者、金融机构等各方关注的焦点。邮政金融拥有覆盖全国最多最广最全的服务网络，2007年成立邮政储蓄银行专业化运营以来，成为加入农村金融的又一只生力军。本文重点围绕邮政金融如何发挥自身品牌、网络、资源等优势，通过资源整合和技术创新，更好的服务“三农”而展开。通过在全国7个省份的实地调研，了解农村金融的现状、存在问题以及农户的金融需求和信用状况，运用Logit模型总结、分析了农村金融中广泛存在的8种信贷配给类型及其成因、影响因素。本文研究表明，当下我国农村金融发展正值困境当中：传统在位金融机构面对农村市场时，因循守旧过分依赖抵押信贷技术，片面夸大风险固步自封，畏首畏尾不能有效利用资源，不思进取、创新乏力；由于普遍缺乏抵押物，处于弱势地位的农户金融需求长期以来往往都得不到有效满足，由此导致了严重的供给方和需求方双重信贷配给，农村经济缺少资金支持只能维持落后、低效率的生产方式。然而，我国农村金融的信息不对称只是相对的，在社区内部信息是充分的、低成本流动，农户在世代重复博弈下形成了诚实守信的传统，只是传统金融机构未能有效发掘和利用这些信息和要素。中国邮政不是一家单纯的金融企业，在金融业务之外的邮政分销业务拥有24万处直接深入到行政村的渠道末端，经过10年以上的运营已经成为了农村社区的一部分，作为“内部人”可以低成本、高效率的获取信息和监督执行，通过邮政金融和分销业务联动，引导社会信息要素参与生产和分配，为邮政农村金融创新提供了契机。本文通过在农户和金融机构之间引入具有信息优势的代理人缓解双方之间的信息不对称，充分发挥农村社会内部信用和惩罚机制的作用缓解抵押物不足的问题，通过代理制的合同约束和经济利益驱动的双重作用，确保设计机制顺利运行。破解农村金融困境还需要政府的支持：加大农村金融生态环境建设，营造诚实守信的氛围；加大财政、货币政策在金融创新方面的引导和支持；推进农业保险，建立风险分担机制；完善农地制度建设，促进农户财产资本化。
[Abstract]:Since China's economic reform and opening up, China has been through a magnificent 30 years, urbanization, rapid development of industrialization, economic growth has attracted the attention of the world. There is no doubt that the next 30 years of national economic development focus on the vast rural areas. Finance is the blood of the modern economy, "anemia" has been the shackles restricting the development of our country's rural economy. In the period of reform, how to use financial leverage to leverage the development of rural economy, To correct the imbalance between urban and rural areas and to ensure long-term stable and sustainable economic and social development has increasingly become the focus of attention of the government, scholars, financial institutions and other parties. Postal finance has the most extensive and comprehensive service network in the country. Since the establishment of postal savings bank in 2007, it has become another new force to join the rural finance. This paper focuses on how to bring its own brand into full play. Network, resources and other advantages, through the integration of resources and technological innovation, better services to "agriculture, rural areas" and through field research in seven provinces across the country, to understand the current situation of rural finance, Based on the Logit model, this paper analyzes eight kinds of credit rationing types, their causes and influencing factors, which are widely existed in rural finance. At present, the development of rural finance in our country is in the midst of a dilemma: when the traditional financial institutions in power face the rural market, they rely too much on mortgage credit technology, exaggerate the risks one-sidedly, and are unable to use resources effectively and do not want to make progress. Lack of innovation; because of the general lack of collateral, the financial needs of farmers in a weak position are often not effectively met for a long time, resulting in serious supply-side and demand-side double credit rationing. The lack of financial support in the rural economy can only maintain backward and inefficient production methods. However, the information asymmetry of rural finance in our country is only relative, the information in the community is sufficient, the flow of low cost, the farmers have formed the tradition of honesty and trustworthiness under the repeated game of generations. It is only that traditional financial institutions have not been able to effectively exploit and utilize these information and elements. China Post is not a simple financial enterprise. In addition to its financial business, the postal distribution business has 240000 direct channels to the end of the administrative village. After more than 10 years of operation, has become part of the rural community, as "insiders" can be low-cost, efficient access to information and supervision of implementation, through postal finance and distribution business linkage, Guiding social information elements to participate in production and distribution provides an opportunity for postal rural financial innovation. In this paper, the information asymmetry between farmers and financial institutions is alleviated by introducing agents with information advantages. Giving full play to the role of credit and punishment mechanism in rural society to alleviate the problem of lack of collateral, through the agency system of contract constraints and economic interests driven by the dual role, to ensure the smooth operation of the design mechanism. Government support is needed to solve the financial difficulties in rural areas: to strengthen the construction of rural financial ecological environment and create an atmosphere of honesty and trustworthiness; to increase the guidance and support of fiscal and monetary policies in financial innovation; and to promote agricultural insurance. Establish a risk-sharing mechanism, improve the agricultural land system, and promote the capitalization of farmers' property.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.4

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