我国民间金融发展的利弊分析及发展对策

发布时间：2018-04-03 06:46

本文选题：民间金融　切入点：中小企业　出处：《河南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：民间金融在中国存在时间久远，地域分布广阔遍布全国各地，诞生于民间有着根深蒂固的地缘、亲缘发展优势，存在形式多样，从不同方面满足了广大民众的需求。民间金融的蓬勃发展是历史的产物。在中国经济发展的改革初期，对非公有制经济的发展起到重大作用，为大批民营企业提供资金支持，也带动了整个国民经济的发展。其次，在解决中小企业融资问题上，民间金融弥补了正规金融资金供给不足的缺陷，通过收集和调动民间资本，支持中小企业发展，缓解了中小企业的融资压力。在农村，面对正规金融机构的萎缩和城乡分布失衡导致的农民借贷无门，民间金融向农民提供小数额的贷款，在解决了农民的生产、生活困难的基础上，给予他们小型创业的资金支持，帮助了农村经济的发展。民间金融和正规金融的关系也很紧密。首先，民间金融对正规金融造成压力，随着民间金融的灵活性和利率高弹性大等优势汇聚了大量的民间闲散资金，占领了越来越多的金融市场份额。同时，民间金融极强的竞争力，也促使正规金融机构自身的改革：提高经营效率、拓展服务范围、丰富产品类型等，对完善和丰富正规金融、弥补其不足也起到了极大的作用。在民间金融明显的优势下，我们也不得不看到它暴露出来的问题。一方面，大量的资金循环在金融体系之外，难以准确统计其数量、控制其用途，不利于国家进行宏观调控。另一方面，民间金融自身缺乏法律严格的规范和监督，经营模式不够正规，风险较高，在利益的诱惑下，易导致违法犯罪活动，扰乱经济秩序、破坏社会稳定。民间金融不仅在我国盛行，在其他国家和地区也有良好的发展。文章分析了台湾和孟加拉国的民间金融成功发展的出发点和方式，结合我国的实际国情，吸取他们对民间金融改革的经验，寻找一条适合我国民间金融生存和发展的道路。温州的民间金融改革试点让我们看到了一道曙光，我们期待这次改革能为民间金融的摸索出一条健康的发展道路。最后，本文对我国民间金融的发展提出了一些建议：我国民间金融亟需阳光化、法制化、规范化。首先，要对民间金融和正规金融平等对待，给予他们正式的身份和合法的地位，让民间金融有一个良好的发展平台。第二，又要对民间金融“特殊”对待，对民间金融的规范化过程要适度，在法律允许的范围内让其自由发展，过多的干预和控制必然会扼杀民间金融的天性和优势。第三，对民间金融的规定要具体法制化。细致、严格的准入和准出制度，具体操作过程中的规范制度，专门的监管机构对民间金融的审查监督制度，以及配套的存款保险、担保制度等，都必不可少。只有给了民间金融平等的待遇，优惠的政策，合法的地位，并适当的规范和引导，才能保证其健康稳定的发展，为我国经济建设提供更多的支持。
[Abstract]:There are Chinese folk finance in the long time, broad geographical distribution throughout the country, was born in the folk have ingrained geopolitical, phylogenetic development advantages, existing in various forms, from different aspects to meet the needs of the majority of the population. Rapid development of folk finance is a product of history. In Chinese economic development at the beginning of the reform, the development of non-public economy play a major role in providing financial support for a large number of private enterprises, but also led to the development of the entire national economy. Secondly, to solve the financing problem of small and medium-sized enterprises, private finance compensate for lack of formal financial supply of funds, through the collection and transfer of private capital to support the development of SMEs, to ease the pressure on the financing of small and medium enterprises in the rural areas, in the face of the formal financial institutions and urban and rural distribution imbalance leads to the shrinking of farmers to obtain loans, private finance provides a small amount to farmers The loan, on the basis of solving the farmers' production and living difficulties, gave them the fund support of small businesses and helped the development of the rural economy.
The relationship between informal finance and formal finance is also very close. First of all, the folk financial pressure on the formal finance, with private financial flexibility and high interest rate elasticity and other advantages brought together a large number of civil idle funds, occupy more and more financial market share. At the same time, the financial competitiveness, also contributed to the reform of the formal the financial institutions themselves: improve business efficiency, expand the scope of services, rich product types, to improve and enrich the formal finance, make up for its shortcomings also played a great role.
In the folk financial advantage, we also have to see it exposed the problem. On the one hand, a large amount of money in circulation outside the financial system, it is difficult to accurately control the number of statistics, its use is not conducive to the national macro-control. On the other hand, the folk finance itself the lack of legal norms and strict supervision and management the model is not normal, the risk is higher, in the interests of the temptation, easily lead to illegal activities, disturb the economic order, undermine social stability.
Private finance is not only popular in China, is developing well in other countries and regions. This paper analyzes the starting point and the way of Taiwan and the successful development of private finance in Bangladesh, combined with China's actual situation, learn from their experience of the folk financial reform, to find a suitable for the survival and development of informal finance in China the road.
Wenzhou folk financial reform pilot allows us to see the dawn, we expect this reform to private finance and find out a healthy development road. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the development of informal finance in China: the sun to our country folk finance, legalization and standardization. First of all, to treatment of informal Finance and formal finance equality, give them a formal identity and legal status, so that private finance has a good development platform. Second, but also to the folk finance special treatment, the folk financial standardization process to moderate, let it develop freely within the scope of the law, the inevitable the intervention and control too much will kill the folk financial nature and advantages. Third, the provisions of private finance to the specific legal system. Meticulous, strict access and out of the system, the specific operation process specification system, specifically The regulators of the folk financial examination and supervision system, as well as supporting the deposit insurance guarantee system, etc., are indispensable. Only to private finance equal treatment, preferential policies, legal status, and regulate and guide appropriate, in order to ensure the healthy and stable development, provide more support for the economy of our country construction.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.35

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