我国商业银行危机救助模式相关法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 17:11

本文选题：商业银行　切入点：银行危机救助　出处：《西南政法大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：商业银行是发挥基础作用的金融机构，与人们的日常生活息息相关，肩负着信用中介、支付中介、信用创造、金融服务、经济调节等一系列重要职能，在一国经济体系中占据举足轻重的地位。商业银行不同于普通企业，它是以经营负债来获取盈利的特殊企业，再加上现代银行的部分准备金制度，使得商业银行自诞生之日起便天然地具有高风险的特点，商业银行危机便是风险爆发的极端表现。商业银行危机具有极强的破坏性和传导性，个别银行出现问题后极容易引发整个银行业的系统性风险，甚至会影响到一国的金融安全、经济发展和社会稳定。因此，如何对危机银行进行救助，避免个别的银行问题演变为整个金融系统的危机和社会动荡，已经成为世界各国普遍关注的重要课题之一。我国正处于经济转轨的特殊时期，金融行业面临复杂外部环境和内部压力的双重挑战，这既是我国银行业改革发展面临的压力，也是我国完善银行业监管和立法、建立科学高效的商业银行危机救助体系的重要战略机遇。为了应对商业银行危机，各国形成了多种救助制度和安排。不同危机救助制度在救助目的、救助标准、启动条件、主导机构方面规定不同，呈现出或行政或市场的特征。依据在商业银行危机救助中主导救助的一方呈现出的背景不同，商业银行危机救助模式可分为行政性救助模式和市场化救助模式。本文以行政性救助模式和市场化救助模式的划分为突破口，探究公私主体在商业银行危机救助中的角色定位，为完善我国商业银行危机救助模式提出合理可行的建议，为行政性救助效率的提高和市场化救助的发展提供理论支持。本文主要包括以下内容。首先，对商业银行危机概念进行基本界定，同时结合公共物品理论和信息经济学理论，分析商业银行危机救助的理论依据，并根据政府与市场关系的一般理论引出商业银行危机救助模式的划分，作为全文的理论铺垫。其次，，对行政性救助模式和市场化救助模式分别进行详细的制度考察，并从法律规定和实际效果两个方面对两种救助模式进行比较分析，在比较分析的基础上同时结合域外救助的实践经验，得出对我国有益的启示。再次，对我国商业银行危机救助模式的现状进行制度考察和实例考察，指出我国商业银行危机救助模式的主要问题为过度依赖行政性救助模式、具体救助手段的运用缺乏策略以及法律规范和配套措施不完善。最后，从我国经济转轨时期的特殊国情出发，在我国当前对行政权力的依赖以及法律体系不完备这一现实纬度下，提出完善我国商业银行危机救助模式的建议，政府救助、自我救助、同业救助三方合力，共同完成商业银行危机救助、维护银行体系稳定的重任。
[Abstract]:Commercial banks are financial institutions that play a fundamental role. They are closely related to people's daily lives and shoulder a series of important functions such as credit intermediary, payment intermediary, credit creation, financial services, economic regulation, etc.Play an important role in a country's economic system.The commercial bank is different from the ordinary enterprise, it is the special enterprise which obtains the profit by the management debt, plus the part reserve system of the modern bank, makes the commercial bank have the high risk characteristic naturally from the day of its birth.Commercial bank crisis is the extreme manifestation of risk outbreak.The crisis of commercial banks is extremely destructive and conductive. The problems of individual banks can easily lead to systemic risks of the whole banking sector, and even affect the financial security, economic development and social stability of a country.Therefore, how to rescue the banks in crisis and prevent individual banking problems from turning into crisis and social unrest in the whole financial system has become one of the most important topics that countries all over the world pay close attention to.Our country is in the special period of economic transition, the financial industry is faced with the dual challenge of complex external environment and internal pressure, which is not only the pressure of banking reform and development in our country, but also the perfection of banking supervision and legislation in our country.An important strategic opportunity to establish a scientific and efficient crisis relief system for commercial banks.In order to deal with the crisis of commercial banks, various countries have formed a variety of rescue systems and arrangements.Different crisis relief systems have different regulations in terms of purpose, standards, starting conditions and leading institutions, showing the characteristics of administration or market.According to the background of the leading party in the crisis rescue of commercial bank, the crisis relief mode of commercial bank can be divided into administrative rescue mode and market-oriented rescue mode.With the division of administrative rescue mode and market-oriented rescue mode as the breakthrough point, this paper probes into the role of public and private subjects in the crisis relief of commercial banks, and puts forward reasonable and feasible suggestions for perfecting the crisis relief mode of commercial banks in China.It provides theoretical support for the improvement of administrative aid efficiency and the development of market aid.This paper mainly includes the following contents.First of all, the concept of crisis of commercial banks is basically defined, and the theoretical basis of crisis relief of commercial banks is analyzed by combining the theory of public goods and the theory of information economics.According to the general theory of the relationship between the government and the market, the classification of the crisis relief mode of commercial banks is introduced as the theoretical basis of the full text.Secondly, the administrative relief mode and the market-oriented relief mode are investigated in detail, and the two modes are compared and analyzed from the aspects of legal provisions and actual effects.On the basis of comparative analysis, combined with the practical experience of overseas rescue, the beneficial enlightenment to our country is obtained.Thirdly, the system and examples of the crisis relief mode of commercial banks in China are investigated, and it is pointed out that the main problem of the crisis relief mode of commercial banks in China is over-reliance on the administrative rescue mode.The use of specific means of relief lack of strategy and legal norms and supporting measures are not perfect.Finally, starting from the special situation of China's economic transition period, under the realistic latitude of our country's current dependence on administrative power and incomplete legal system, this paper puts forward some suggestions to perfect the crisis relief mode of our commercial banks, and government assistance.Self-rescue and interbank rescue work together to complete the crisis rescue of commercial banks and maintain the stability of the banking system.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.281;F832.33

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