后危机时代美国消费信贷研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 02:00

本文选题：美国消费信贷　切入点：发展历程　出处：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：在金融危机爆发后的5年时间内，世界各国采用积极政策致力于本国经济的恢复，危机中心的美国更采取积极的货币政策挽救金融市场及实体经济下滑，全球主要经济体逐渐恢复增长，世界整体进入了“后危机时代”。如何在危机后重振市场活力、寻找新的经济增长点是各国关注的焦点。作为经济发展的重要动力之一，消费一直在美国经济发展中扮演重要的角色，其中消费信贷已经成为美国家庭消费的重要方式，消费信贷成为美国以消费促增长的重要动力，后危机时代美国消费信贷同样为经济复苏做出重要贡献。然而，反思金融危机爆发的深层原因可以看出，信贷模式在其发展扩大的过程中存在诸多问题与消极作用，过度发达的信贷市场与缺乏监管的金融创新是次贷泡沫破裂的重要原因，也是发展消费信贷中亟需解决与规避的问题。与美国相反，我国长期以出口和投资作为拉动经济发展的主要动力，因此危机后全球外贸市场紧缩影响对我国经济影响较大，同时人民币升值压力也使我国出口优势减弱。种种迹象表明后危机时代我国的经济转型目标应以降低国际环境对经济的影响程度为主，合理调整内需与外需关系，加快经济转型步伐，采用积极的政策扩大内需、增加消费。其中，，发展消费信贷对推动我国国内市场需求有着重要的作用，内贸“十二五”中关于消费信贷新规定的推出充分反映了现阶段我国政府对消费的重视与决定。因此如何辩证的看待消费信贷的积极作用，同时在发展中规避其消极影响为我国今后发展消费信贷市场提供重要的经验与启示。本文第1章是绪论，主要介绍了本文选题背景与研究思路，并对国内外相关研究的成果进行简要阐述。第2章是消费信贷及相关理论，给出了消费信贷的定义及特征，同时简述了消费理论与信贷理论等作为研究基础。第3、4、5章是论文主体部分，第3章从美国消费信贷的发展历程及其特点，主要通过美国消费信贷演变历程，从宏观演变历程入手分析美国消费信贷发展过程中表现出的特点。第4章主要介绍了后危机时代美国消费信贷体现出的新变化及其动因分析，着重分析后危机时代美国消费信贷体现出的新变化，并从短期政策、长期政策及宏、微观角度深入分析美国消费信贷这种变化的原因。第5章着重于后危机美国消费信贷的积极作用与消极影响，辩证的分析其消费信贷机制的影响及效果。最后一章是对我国消费信贷建设的相关启示，分析我国目前消费信贷现状与问题，并有针对性的提出一些建议。
[Abstract]:In the five years since the outbreak of the financial crisis, all countries in the world have adopted positive policies to devote themselves to the recovery of their own economies, and the United States, which is the center of the crisis, has adopted active monetary policies to save the financial markets and the real economy from declining.The world's major economies have gradually returned to growth, and the world as a whole has entered a post-crisis era.How to revive market vitality and find new economic growth points after the crisis is the focus of attention.As one of the important driving forces of economic development, consumption has always played an important role in the economic development of the United States. Among them, consumer credit has become an important form of household consumption in the United States, and consumer credit has become an important driving force for the United States to promote growth through consumption.Us consumer credit has also contributed significantly to the recovery in the post-crisis era.However, reflecting on the deep causes of the outbreak of the financial crisis, we can see that the credit model has many problems and negative effects in the process of its development and expansion.The overdeveloped credit market and the lack of supervision and financial innovation are the important reasons for the collapse of the subprime mortgage bubble, and are also the problems that need to be solved and avoided in the development of consumer credit.In contrast to the United States, China has long taken exports and investment as the main driving force to promote economic development, so the impact of the global foreign trade market contraction on China's economy is greater after the crisis, and the pressure of RMB appreciation also weakens China's export advantage.All kinds of indications show that in the post-crisis era, the aim of our country's economic transformation should be to reduce the influence of the international environment on the economy, adjust the relationship between domestic demand and external demand reasonably, speed up the pace of economic transformation, and adopt positive policies to expand domestic demand and increase consumption.Among them, the development of consumer credit plays an important role in promoting the domestic market demand. The introduction of the new provisions on consumer credit in the 12th Five-Year Plan of domestic Trade fully reflects the importance and decision of our government on consumption at the present stage.Therefore, how to dialectically treat the positive role of consumer credit and avoid its negative impact in the development of China provides important experience and inspiration for the future development of consumer credit market.The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly introduces the background and research ideas of this paper, and briefly describes the research results at home and abroad.The second chapter is the consumer credit and related theories, gives the definition and characteristics of consumer credit, at the same time briefly describes the consumption theory and credit theory as the research basis.Chapter 3 is the main part of the thesis. Chapter 3 analyzes the characteristics of the development process of American consumer credit mainly through the evolution course of American consumer credit and the macro-evolution process.Chapter 4 mainly introduces the new changes and causes of American consumer credit in the post-crisis era, focusing on the analysis of the new changes in the post-crisis era, and from the short-term policy, long-term policy and macro.Micro-perspective in-depth analysis of the reasons for this change in consumer credit in the United States.Chapter 5 focuses on the positive and negative effects of the post-crisis consumer credit in the United States, and dialectically analyzes the impact and effect of its consumer credit mechanism.The last chapter is the enlightenment to the construction of consumer credit in China, analyzes the current situation and problems of consumer credit in China, and puts forward some suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F837.12

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