外资银行进入中国：决定因素、发展战略及对本土银行的影响

发布时间：2018-04-17 10:24

本文选题：外资银行 + 决定因素　；参考：《武汉大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：20世纪90年代中期以来,外资银行明显加快了国际扩张的步伐,其扩张的规模之大、速度之快、影响之深,引起了各界的广泛关注。同时,无论从外资银行的角度,还是从东道国的角度看,外资银行扩张行为都出现了巨大转变,具体体现为：由以往只进入发达国家转变为大量进入发展中国家,在进入动因、相对效率、进入方式、战略规划、客户选择等方面外资银行也呈现截然不同的新特征。随着中国加入WTO,自2006年起,外资银行进入我国的法律框架基本形成。根据相关规定,外资银行可以享受国民待遇,办理人民币业务不再有地域和客户限制。同时,我国的本土银行及其监管也发生了重大变化,银行性质由传统的专业性银行逐步转变为现代商业银行；国内银行格局由大型国有银行独大转变为国有银行、中小股份制银行、外资银行群雄逐鹿；监管方面,也由过去的严格限制转变为逐步放松管制。在这种背景下,研究外资银行进入中国的决定因素、发展战略及对本土银行的影响,并据此探寻应对策略,对深化我国银行业改革、维护和促进我国金融机构健康发展具有的理论与现实意义。本文围绕外资银行进入的决定因素、发展战略以及对本土银行影响问题,遵循“文献回顾——现状描述——理论模型——实证研究——战略分析——案例研究——结论启示”的行文思路进行深入分析。第二章对外资银行进入动因、竞争战略以及对东道国银行体系影响等相关代表性文献进行梳理,分析现有的研究趋势和不足。第三章研究外资银行在我国的发展现状,分析了其在我国的主要形式、发展阶段以及发展的主要特征。第四章运用国际生产折衷理论,对外资银行进入中国的决定因素进行实证研究,并对相关理论进行验证,提出利润追逐是外资银行进入我国的主要动力,战略性投资将成为外资进入我国金融业的重要途径。第五章全面分析了外资银行在我国发展战略,主要研究了其定位战略、进入战略、竞争战略、本土化战略以及战略创新。第六章从当前主流银行发展规律及趋势出发,研究了外资银行进入的战略企图以及对我国本土银行重大影响,并对外资银行与我国本土银行的竞争优势进行了全面的比较分析。第七章分析了外资银行进入背景下我国本土银行战略举措,提出应从战略视角出发,推进本土银行的战略转型。第八章选择中国建设银行引进美洲银行的案例,探讨了美洲银行进入的动机、特点以及进入对建设银行的影响。通过研究本文得出以下结论：1.外资银行进入中国最主要的决定因素是利润导向,我国金融业的开放程度和金融政策对外资银行的进入有重大影响；2.短期来看,无论从资产规模还是市场占有率方面,外资银行对我国本土银行尚未构成实质性影响,但长期而言,外资银行的战略企图和经营模式将深刻影响我国本土银行的发展方向；3.以参股方式进入我国本土银行已成为外资银行进入中国金融业的重要途径,对于这种进入方式,需要区分外资银行是真正的战略投资者还是财务投资者,战略投资者对我国本土银行而言是长期稳定的战略伙伴,是合作和双赢的关系,财务投资者则仅以盈利为导向,单纯的财务投资者不仅不能对我国本土银行的发展起到促进作用,反而基于短期获利退出战略,他们往往缺乏进一步发展扩张的动力,并尽量减少资本性投入,进而产生负面影响。我国本土银行需要关注以参股方式进入的外资银行的长期价值取向,确保解决好利益冲突的平衡问题。本文创新之处体现在：1.分别从短期和长期两个视角来分析外资银行进入的影响。由于受到市场规模、业务领域以及客户资源限制,外资银行目前尚未具备与我国本土银行进行正面较量的实力,因此短期内外资银行主要采取与本土银行合作的方式进入中国市场；然而,长期来看,随着渐进性改革的不断深化,中国金融市场开放程度不断加强,国内金融市场竞争程度不断加剧,外资银行的战略举措以及盈利模式将逐渐而深刻地影响我国本土银行。2.弥补了企业竞争层面微观视角分析的不足,从金融产业系统的视角指出：外资银行进入对我国本土银行的影响研究,必须纳入我国金融业渐进性改革的框架。由于金融改革的渐进行,我国金融市场存在金融抑制的现象,而这种金融抑制有其历史渊源和内在逻辑。只有深入研究金融抑制对进入我国的外资银行的影响,才能全面把握外资银行进入对我国本土银行的影响。3.通过深入分析,明确了我国本土银行的发展趋势和发展战略。战略转型将是外资银行全面进入环境下我国本土商业银行的发展趋势。我国本土银行的战略转型主要体现在两个方面,一是盈利模式将发生重大变化。在客户获取方式上,传统的大客户导向将逐步转型为以核心企业为依托的全供应链客户导向；在盈利模式上,以传统的存贷利差为主要利润来源将逐渐转型为以中间业务和投行业务为主要利润来源；二是本土银行的拓展战略也将发生重大变化。在风险经营管理的能力不断加强以及综合经营能力不断提升的背景下,目前国内市场竞争更加激烈,我国本土银行将进一步加大国际化的步伐,而在这一进程中,创造性资产的获取将是本土银行国际化的重要理论基础。
[Abstract]:Since the mid 1990s, foreign banks significantly accelerated the pace of international expansion, the expansion of the scale, speed, deep influence, has aroused widespread concern in the community. At the same time, both from the foreign bank's point of view, or from the perspective of host country, foreign bank expansion behavior of a huge change, specific is from the past into the developed countries only enter into developing countries, motivation, relative efficiency, entry mode, strategic planning, customer selection and other foreign banks also showed different new features.
With the Chinese joined WTO since 2006, foreign banks to enter the legal framework of China's basic form. According to the relevant regulations, foreign banks can enjoy national treatment, handling RMB business with no geographical restrictions and customers. At the same time, local banks and the supervision in China has undergone significant changes, the gradual transformation of the professional nature of bank bank the traditional to the modern commercial bank; the pattern of domestic banks by the large state-owned banks into single large state-owned banks, joint-stock banks, foreign bank supervision, but also by the feudal lords vying for the throne; strictly limit the past into gradual deregulation. In this context, research on the entry of foreign banks Chinese determinants, development strategy and influence on the local bank, and to explore the strategies for deepening the reform of China's banking industry, to maintain and promote the healthy development of China's financial institutions with the theory and Practical significance.
This paper focuses on the determinants of the entry of foreign banks, development strategy and problems of local banks, follow the "literature review - description of the status quo in-depth analysis -- Theory -- Strategic Analysis for this article - Case Study - conclusion revelation" empirical research. The second chapter of the cause of the entry of foreign banks, competition strategy and the host country's banking system the influence of representative literatures, analysis of the trend and the deficiency of the existing research. In the third chapter, foreign banks in China's development status, analyzes the main form in our country, the main features of the development stage and development. The fourth chapter uses the eclectic theory of international production, the entry of foreign banks are determinants of China the empirical research, and verify the proposed theory, pursuit of profits is the main power of foreign banks in China, strategic The investment will become an important way for foreign capital to enter China's financial industry. The fifth chapter analyzes the foreign banks in China's development strategy, mainly studies the positioning strategy, entry strategy, competitive strategy, localization strategy and strategic innovation. The sixth chapter from the current mainstream banking development rule and trend of the research, attempt to the entry of foreign banks the strategic and significant impact on China's local banks and the foreign banks and domestic banks a competitive advantage for a comprehensive comparative analysis. The seventh chapter analyzes the action strategy of China's local banks of foreign banks to enter the background, put forward from the strategic perspective of promoting the transformation of local bank strategy. The eighth chapter is the case introduced in America. The choice of bank Chinese Construction Bank, Bank of America to enter into the motivation, characteristics and influence on the construction of the bank.
This paper draws the following conclusions: 1. foreign banks to enter the China decision is the most important factor is the profit oriented, the opening of China's financial industry and financial policies have a significant impact on the entry of foreign banks; 2. in the short term, in terms of asset size and market share, foreign banks have not yet constitute a substantial impact on China the local bank, but in the long term strategic intention of foreign banks and the business model will have a profound impact on the development direction of China's local banks; 3. participation into China's local banks has become an important way for foreign banks to enter China's financial industry, the mode of entry of foreign banks is the need to distinguish between the real strategic investors or financial investors, strategic investors is a strategic partner of long-term stability of our local banks, is the relationship between cooperation and win-win, is only a financial investor Profit oriented, purely financial investors not only to the development of China's domestic banks play a role in promoting, but based on short-term profit exit strategy, they often lack the power to further development and expansion, and reduce capital investment, and thus have a negative impact. China's local banks need to focus on long-term value orientation to equity of access to ensure the balance of foreign banks, to solve the problem of conflict of interests.
The innovation of the paper lies in: 1. respectively from two perspectives to analyze the short-term and long-term effects of foreign banks' entry. Due to the size of the market, business and customer resource restrictions, foreign banks have not yet have a positive contest of strength with our local bank, mainly due to the short-term foreign capital banks to enter the market to take China cooperation and the local bank; however, the long term, with the deepening of the gradual reform and openness China financial markets continue to strengthen, the degree of competition in the domestic financial market is increasing, strategic measures of foreign banks and the profit model will gradually and profound impact on our local Bank.2. to compensate for the lack of analysis of enterprise competition level micro perspective. From the perspective of system of financial industry pointed out: foreign banks entered the study on the impact of China's local banks, must be incorporated into the financial industry in China The framework of the gradual reform. As a result of the financial reform process, the phenomenon of financial repression in China's financial market, the financial repression has its historical origin and inherent logic. Only by studying the influence of financial repression in China of foreign banks, to fully grasp the foreign bank entry to China's local banks influence.3. through in-depth analysis, the development trend of China's local banks and development strategy. Strategic transformation will be the trend of development of our domestic commercial bank foreign banks to enter the environment. Strategic transformation of China's domestic banks mainly embodied in two aspects, one is the profit model will change. In the customer acquisition on the way, the traditional customer orientation will be gradually transformed into the whole supply chain customer oriented to rely on the core business; the profit model, the traditional deposit and lending interest rates as the main profit The source will gradually transition to the intermediate business and investment banking as the main source of profits; two is the development strategy of local banks will change in the ability of risk management and strengthening the comprehensive management capabilities continue to improve the background, the current domestic market competition is more intense, China's domestic banks will further increase international the pace, and in this process, obtain the creative assets will be an important theoretical basis for the internationalization of domestic banks.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F831.2;F832.3

【参考文献】