中国农村金融制度问题与对策的思考

发布时间：2018-04-27 06:14

本文选题：农村金融制度 + 农村金融　；参考：《仲恺农业工程学院》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业丰则基础强,农民富则国家盛,农村稳则社会安。2013年,大力发展农业再一次成为中央一号文件的核心内容,对于发展农业在党和政府工作中的重要性表述,这是中共中央2013年一号文件中的重要精神。贯彻落实党的十八大和中共中央2013年一号文件的重要精神,始终坚定不移的沿着中国特色的社会主义道路前进,为在建党一百年全面建成小康社会而奋斗,我们必须固本强基,始终要把解决农业、农村、农民、问题作为全党工作的重中之重,把城乡统筹发展作为解决“三农”问题的根本途径；为促进工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化的同步发展,着力强化现代农业的基础支撑,从根本上推进社会主义新农村建设。在现代农业发展和社会主义新农村建设的宏伟目标中,改革和完善农村金融服务,加强政府对农村金融改革发展的引导,加大商业性金融支农的力度,发挥政策性金融和合作性金融的作用,持续加大涉农信贷投放；创新金融产品和提高金融服务水平,切实优先满足农户的信贷需求,加大新型生产经营主体(专业大户或家庭农场、农民合作社、农业企业)的信贷支持力度；切实加强财税杠杆与金融政策的有效配合,实施和落实县域金融机构涉农贷款的增量奖励和农村金融机构定向费用补贴,保护农户贷款税收优惠及农户小额担保贷款贴息等政策的落实。稳定县(市)农村信用社法人地位,继续深化农村信用社改革。积极探索和创新农业银行、农信社服务“三农”新的模式,切实加强农业发展银行的政策性职能定位,鼓励和支持国家开发银行推动现代农业发展和加快新农村建设资金投入。提供条件支持社会资本参与设立新型农村金融机构,多形式、多方面改善农村支付的服务条件,畅通支付结算渠道。加强涉农信贷与保险协作配合,创新符合农村特点的抵(质)押担保方式和融资工具,建立多层次、多形式的农业信用担保体系。国内外许多学者从不同角度对如何促进农村经济发展问题进行了研究,取得了非常多的成果。但就目前的状况来看,仍没有能够有效地解决问题。新制度经济学的兴起补充和完善了古典经济学的经济增长理论,把制度作为经济发展函数中的一个重要变量。因此,借鉴新制度经济学的理论,分析研究我国现行的农村金融制度安排,具有现实意义。本文借鉴了新制度经济学的基本理论,结合了金融发展、信贷配给理论,运用信息经济学、产业经济学、微观经济学、宏观经济学、农村金融理论、行为金融学等前人的理论,采取微观分析与宏观分析相结合、功能分析与机构分析相结合,在借鉴国内外相关经验的基础上,结合中国转型时期的经济、金融特征,对中国农村的金融制度建设做出研究和探索。
[Abstract]:In 2013, vigorously developing agriculture once again became the core content of the No. 1 document of the Central Committee, which expressed the importance of developing agriculture in the work of the party and the government. This is an important spirit in the first document of the CPC Central Committee in 2013. To carry out the important spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the first document of the CPC Central Committee in 2013, we must unswervingly advance along the socialist road with Chinese characteristics, and strive to build a well-off society in an all-round way in the centenary of the Party. In order to promote industrialization, informatization and urbanization, we must always take the solution of agriculture, rural areas, peasants and problems as the top priority of the Party's work, and take the overall development of urban and rural areas as the fundamental way to solve the "three rural" problems. The synchronous development of agricultural modernization, strengthening the basic support of modern agriculture, fundamentally promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside. In the grand goal of modern agricultural development and the construction of new socialist countryside, we should reform and perfect the rural financial services, strengthen the guidance of the government to the rural financial reform and development, and increase the strength of commercial financial support for agriculture. To give full play to the role of policy-oriented finance and cooperative finance, to continuously increase the investment of agriculture-related credit, to innovate financial products and improve the level of financial services, and to give practical priority to meeting the credit needs of farmers, To increase credit support for new types of production and business entities (professional large households or family farms, farmers' cooperatives, agricultural enterprises), and to strengthen the effective coordination between fiscal and tax leverage and financial policies, To implement and implement the policy of incremental incentives for agricultural loans of county financial institutions and targeted fee subsidies for rural financial institutions, and to protect the tax preferences of farmers' loans and the discount interest on small guarantee loans of farmers. To stabilize the status of county (city) rural credit cooperatives as legal persons and to continue to deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives. We should actively explore and innovate the new model of the Agricultural Bank and the Rural Credit Cooperative to serve the "three rural areas", strengthen the policy function of the Agricultural Development Bank, encourage and support the National Development Bank to promote the development of modern agriculture and speed up the investment in the construction of new rural areas. To provide conditions for social capital to participate in the establishment of new rural financial institutions, in many ways, to improve the service conditions of rural payment, and to open up payment and settlement channels. We should strengthen the cooperation between agricultural credit and insurance, innovate the mortgage guarantee method and financing tools that accord with the characteristics of rural areas, and establish a multi-level and multi-form agricultural credit guarantee system. Many scholars at home and abroad have studied how to promote the development of rural economy from different angles. However, from the current situation, still has not been able to effectively solve the problem. The rise of new institutional economics complements and perfects the economic growth theory of classical economics and regards institution as an important variable in the function of economic development. Therefore, it is of practical significance to analyze and study the current rural financial system arrangement by using the theory of new institutional economics for reference. This paper draws lessons from the basic theories of new institutional economics, combines the theories of financial development, credit rationing, information economics, industrial economics, microeconomics, macroeconomics, rural finance, behavioral finance and so on. Taking the combination of micro analysis and macro analysis, function analysis and institutional analysis, combining the economic and financial characteristics of China during the transition period on the basis of drawing lessons from relevant experience at home and abroad. To study and explore the construction of rural financial system in China.
【学位授予单位】：仲恺农业工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.35

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