基于利率市场化的我国商业银行改革路径探析

发布时间：2018-05-25 15:26

本文选题：利率市场化 + 商业银行　；参考：《中共中央党校》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：实现利率市场化是当前我国深化金融体制改革和完善宏观调控的重要内容，也是我国加快金融体制改革的必要条件。当前国务院正在加快推进利率市场化改革，并将我国利率市场化改革目标确定为：“稳步推进利率市场化，建立健全由市场供求决定的利率形成机制，中央银行通过运用货币政策工具引导市场利率”。与此同时，利率市场化的进程会对国民经济的各个部门产生直接或者间接的影响，商业银行作为国民经济运行的重要枢纽，首当其冲会受到较大影响，而且利率市场化给银行业带来的机遇与挑战是最复杂而又最综合的，其间可能涉及到银行资产的风险管理、银行的市场化改革以及银行内控制度的建立与完善等一系列问题。因此，加快推进利率市场化，必须明晰利率市场化会对我国商业银行改革路径的调整带来哪些重大影响，从而有针对性的做到利率市场化风险的防控，逐步实现符合利率市场化的商业银行经营体制与投融资体制的改革。另外，利率市场化对我国商业银行改革路径的调整提出了客观要求，主要包括：一是需要强化商业银行资产负债的过程管理；二是需要优化商业银行资产负债管理的组织体制改革。在此基础上，文章探讨分析了我国商业银行应对利率市场化过程中存在的问题，这些问题主要有：商业银行经营收入结构过分单一，，利差收入依赖性较强；缺乏市场化的存贷款利率形成环境，尚未形成利率自主形成机制；潜在的利率风险与控制不匹配；由存贷比限制对综合化经营带来的约束等。最后，根据这些存在的问题，文章提出了一些具有一定积极意义的对策建议，主要包括：调整优化资产负债结构，拓展多元化营业收入；推动银行制度与流程改革，强化“统一银行”、“流程银行”的理念和意识；建议监管部门弱化存贷比考核，确保传导路径通畅；建议人民银行形成相关政策支持，帮助中小商业银行培养优势业务，走差异化发展道路；构建以效益为核心的产品定价体系。
[Abstract]:The realization of interest rate marketization is an important content of deepening the reform of the financial system and perfecting the macro regulation and control in our country. It is also the necessary condition for our country to accelerate the reform of the financial system. The State Council is speeding up the reform of the interest rate marketization and determining the goal of the reform of the interest rate marketization of our country as "the steady promotion of the interest rate marketization and the establishment and perfection of the interest rate market." At the same time, the process of the interest rate marketization will have a direct or indirect effect on the various sectors of the national economy, and the commercial banks, as an important hub of the national economy, will be greatly affected. And the opportunity and challenge that the interest rate marketization brings to the banking industry is the most complex and most comprehensive, which may involve a series of problems, such as the risk management of the bank assets, the reform of the banking market and the establishment and improvement of the bank's internal control system. What important influence has been brought about by the adjustment of the reform path of the Bank of industry, so as to prevent and control the risk of the interest rate marketization, and gradually realize the reform of the commercial bank operating system and the investment and financing system that conforms to the interest rate marketization.
In addition, the interest rate marketization puts forward the objective requirements for the adjustment of the reform path of commercial banks in China. The first is to strengthen the process management of the assets and liabilities of commercial banks, and the two is to optimize the organizational system reform of the assets and liabilities management of commercial banks. On this basis, the article discusses and analyzes the interest rate of commercial banks in China. There are some problems in the process of marketization, which are mainly as follows: the operating income structure of commercial banks is too unitary, the income dependence of interest rate is strong, the interest rate of interest rate is not formed, the interest rate risk and control are not formed, the potential interest rate risk and control are not matched, and the comprehensive management zone is restricted by the restriction of the loan ratio. Finally, according to these existing problems, the article puts forward some positive suggestions, including: adjusting and optimizing the structure of assets and liabilities, expanding the diversification of business income, promoting the banking system and process reform, strengthening the concept and consciousness of "unified bank", "process bank", and recommending supervision. The Department weakens the loan ratio assessment to ensure that the transmission path is smooth; it is suggested that the people's Bank form the relevant policy support, help the small and medium commercial banks to train the advantage business, take the differential development road, and build the product pricing system with the benefit as the core.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.33

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