FDI来源地对我国碳排放的影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 04:05

本文选题：FDI + 来源地　；参考：《武汉大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：随着对外开放经济政策的确立与发展,我国FDI持续大幅度增长引起世界瞩目。2012年,中国实际利用外资金额达到1117.2亿美元。外资的进入对我国经济社会发展与现代化进程形成了广泛而深远的影响,同时又反过来促进政府制定更加优惠的外资政策以吸引更多的FDI,正是这种日益开放的投资环境与政策支持构成了FDI在我国的持续增长。然而,任何事物都有其两面性,FDI也是一把双刃剑,在其带来雄厚的资金、高新的技术以及先进的管理经验的同时也对东道国的能源环境造成不可忽视的危害与压力。碳排放问题已经成为世界气候会议的主要议题之一,也成为关系到我们每一个人切身利益与长远利益的重要问题。我国政府已经承诺至2020年在2005年的基础上将碳强度减少40—45%,这种承诺不仅是一种任务,更是一种义务与使命。对我国FDI不同来源地的综合分析、对我国碳排放的重要影响及特征的深度探析,可为我国的外资政策与节能减排策略之间找寻适度的平衡提供一定的参考,并为我国构建外资与节能减排双向可持续发展战略指明方向。鉴于此,本文对如下问题展开研究：通过考察我国改革开放以来吸收FDI概况,可以发现我国目前利用FDI呈现以下特征：第一,利用外资仍继续保持较大规模,但增长速度放缓。第二,从FDI的产业分布来看,FDI产业分布不均衡,但产业结构逐步优化。外商投资于第二产业的比重最大,第二产业尤其是制造业仍是外商投资的主要领域。第三,FDI地区分布不均衡。我国东中西部地区吸收FDI的数量和规模差距很大,外商投资高度集中于东部地区,我国利用外资在区位上呈现从南到北、由东到西逐渐推进的趋势。本文探讨了我国主要FDI来源地的特点和差异,将FDI不同来源地划分为港澳台地区、日韩新(即日本、韩国和新加坡)、美加(美国和加拿大)和英法德(英国、法国和德国)四种类型：港澳台地区作为我国的一部分与大陆发生外贸关系；日韩新等代表通过引进西方发达国家的技术不断模仿创新而成功的东亚国家；美加代表来源于北美地区的外资；英法德作为欧盟的代表,作为第四种外资来源地。本文在此基础上分析了我国FDI不同来源地的结构、成因及影响。本文运用时间序列模型分析方法,对我国1997—2011年来源于不同国家的外资和碳排放之间关系进行了实证检验,结果发现不同来源地FDI对我国碳排放的影响程度存在显著差异：来自于英法德三国外资对于我国碳排放的影响是正面的,可能在于英法德作为全球经济、技术最发达的国家,其对华投资结构也日趋高级化；来源于美加的FDI对我国碳排放也产生积极影响,可能在于来自美国的跨国企业比较重视长期的战略发展,对核心技术的转移和研发中心的建立持积极开放的态度；来源于日韩新三地FDI对我国碳排放产生消极影响,可能在于这些外商规模不是很大,主要投向劳动密集型的制造业,研发水平不如欧美,对华技术溢出效应效果有限；来自港澳台地区的投资没能对我国大陆碳排放产生正面影响,港澳台地区的投资一般以出口导向型为主,技术水平不高、附加值偏低,主要利用的是我国大陆低廉的劳动力、自然资源和宽松的环境规制。最后,在深入研究FDI不同来源地对我国碳排放影响的基础上,从而为我国的外资政策与节能减排策略之间找寻适度的平衡方面提出有针对的政策建议,如优化FDI来源结构,提高引资质量；促进产业升级,发挥减排结构效应；实施新能源战略,提高能源效率；加大环境管制,提高准入门槛。
[Abstract]:With the establishment and development of the policy of opening to the outside world, China's FDI sustained great growth in the world for.2012 years. The actual use of foreign capital in China has reached 111 billion 720 million US dollars. The entry of foreign capital has formed a broad and far-reaching impact on the process of economic and social development and modernization in China, and at the same time, in turn, promote the government to make a better formulation. In order to attract more FDI, the increasingly open investment environment and policy support constitute the continuous growth of FDI in our country. However, everything has its dual nature, and FDI is a double-edged sword. It also has a strong capital, high technology and advanced management experience, as well as the host country's energy. The environment causes the dangers and pressures that can not be ignored.
The issue of carbon emissions has become one of the main topics of the world climate conference and has become an important issue that concerns the vital and long-term interests of each of us. Our government has promised to reduce carbon intensity by 40 - 45% on the basis of 2005 on the basis of 2020. This commitment is not only a task but also a duty and mission. The comprehensive analysis of different sources of FDI in China and the deep analysis of the important effects and characteristics of carbon emissions in China can provide a certain reference for our country to find a moderate balance between foreign investment policies and energy saving and emission reduction strategies, and provide a direction for the construction of a two-way sustainable development strategy for foreign investment and energy conservation and emission reduction in China. Research on the problem:
Through the survey of the introduction of FDI since China's reform and opening to the outside world, we can find that our country uses FDI to present the following characteristics: first, the use of foreign capital remains to remain large, but the growth rate is slow. Second, from the industrial distribution of FDI, the distribution of FDI industry is uneven, but the production structure is gradually optimized. The proportion of foreign investment in the second industry The second industry, especially the manufacturing industry, is still the main field of foreign investment. Third, the distribution of FDI is uneven. The gap between the quantity and scale of absorption of FDI in the eastern and western regions of China is very large, the foreign investment is highly concentrated in the eastern region, and the utilization of foreign capital in our country shows the trend from the south to the north, from the east to the West.
This paper discusses the characteristics and differences of the main sources of FDI in China, and divides the different sources of FDI into Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, Japan, Japan, Korea and Singapore, the four types of the United States and Canada (United States and Canada) and Britain, France and Germany; the Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan areas are part of China's foreign trade relations with the mainland; The representative of the United States and Canada originates from the foreign capital of North America, as the representative of the European Union and as the fourth source of foreign capital. This paper analyses the structure, causes and influence of the different sources of FDI in China.
In this paper, the time series model analysis method is used to test the relationship between foreign capital and carbon emissions from different countries from 1997 to 2011. The results show that there are significant differences in the impact degree of FDI on China's carbon emissions from different sources: foreign investment from Britain and France is positive for China's carbon emissions. It may be that the investment structure of Britain and France, as the world economy and the most technologically developed country, has become more and more advanced in its investment structure to China. The FDI from the United States and Canada also has a positive impact on China's carbon emissions, which may lie in the long-term strategic development of the multinational enterprises from the United States, and the positive transfer of nuclear technology and the establishment of R & D centers. The open attitude, from the negative impact of the new three FDI of Japan and South Korea on China's carbon emissions, may lie in the fact that these foreign businessmen are not large in size, mainly to labor intensive manufacturing industry, and the level of R & D is not as good as that of Europe and the United States, and the effect of technology spillovers to China is limited. In general, the investment in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan is mainly export oriented, with low technical level and low added value. The main use is low labor force, natural resources and loose environmental regulation in the mainland of China.
Finally, based on the in-depth study of the impact of different sources of FDI on carbon emissions in China, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for finding a moderate balance between China's foreign investment policies and energy saving and emission reduction strategies, such as optimizing the structure of FDI sources, improving the quality of attracting investment, promoting the upgrading of production industry, giving full play to the structural effect of emission reduction, and implementing new energy sources. Strategy to improve energy efficiency, increase environmental regulation and improve access threshold.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X22;F832.6

【共引文献】