我国普惠性农村金融体系建设的路径探析

发布时间：2018-10-05 14:36

【摘要】：在农村经济发展中,金融起着配置资本要素的关键作用。改革开放30余年来，我国的农村经济社会发生了巨大的变化，农村金融也走过了一条不凡的发展之路。然而，尽管发展场景不断变化，热点问题也持续翻新，农村、农业和农民问题作为我国经济建设发展的主线却从未改变。聚焦现阶段的农村金融服务体系，可以看出有很大一部分农村低收入群体被排除在正规金融服务之外，农民普遍缺乏金融意识，金融机构出于盈利性考量不愿涉足农村领域，农村金融基础设施不到位都是农村金融发展不均衡的原因。普惠金融的理念于联合国2005年的国际小额信贷年提出，倡导人人具有同等获得金融服务权力的理念，强调具有可持续发展潜力的普惠制农村金融机构，为那些被排除在传统金融机构之外的农村中低收入人口提供金融服务，使他们通过获得金融服务来获得福利改善，使这部分群体也能得到经济发展、社会进步带来的红利。普惠金融理念改变了我国过去简单扶贫的惯性思维，将对贫困人群的援助与商业可持续性相结合。但是需要指出的是，普惠金融体系的内涵不仅仅是为广大的中低收入群体提供储蓄、保险、信贷和信托等金融产品和服务，更是一个国家金融体系中不可或缺的一部分，建立普惠金融体系不只是强调金融产品或者金融机构的创新，更应该着眼于如何将分散的金融资源整合为一个有机的整体。本文首先对我国农村地区金融体系的现状以及制约条件进行了深入的分析，认为我国农村地区现阶段金融服务有效供给严重不足，普惠性农村金融未成体系，严重制约着我国农村地区的经济发展。针对我国农村金融面临的约束条件，笔者认为应该建立全国性普惠金融发展基金制度，由中国人民银行发起，银监会、证监会、保监会共同成立普惠金融体系建设促进委员会，之后由各省级财政牵头，成立省级普惠金融发展基金，通过政策引导各大商业银行向普惠发展基金中注入资金，并选择安全性高、经营业绩优良的新型农村金融机构进行资金注入并协同农村金融管理部门对获得基金的普惠性农村金融机构进行合规性监管。最后，建立健全我国普惠性农村金融体系还需要从监管框架、法律法规、财税支持等方面全盘考虑，重视普惠金融机构的收益和风险控制，实现普惠金融的可持续发展，建立起相应的风险控制体系，早日实现全民共享的普惠性金融体系，，为我国的经济建设和社会发展提供全面的金融支持。
[Abstract]:In rural economic development, finance plays a key role in allocating capital elements. Since the reform and opening up for more than 30 years, great changes have taken place in China's rural economy and society, and rural finance has also gone through an extraordinary road of development. However, despite the constant change of the development scenario and the continuous renovation of hot issues, the rural, agricultural and peasant issues have never changed as the main line of economic construction and development in China. Focusing on the current rural financial service system, we can see that a large proportion of rural low-income groups are excluded from formal financial services. Farmers generally lack financial awareness, and financial institutions are unwilling to step into rural areas for profit reasons. Rural financial infrastructure is not in place is the reason for the uneven development of rural finance. The concept of inclusive finance, which was introduced in the United Nations International year of Microcredit in 2005, promotes the idea of equal access to financial services for all and emphasizes GSP rural financial institutions with sustainable development potential, To provide financial services to those rural low- and middle-income people who are excluded from traditional financial institutions, so that they can obtain improved welfare through access to financial services, so that these groups can also benefit from economic development and the dividends of social progress. The concept of inclusive finance has changed the inertia thinking of poverty alleviation in our country in the past and combined the aid to the poor with the business sustainability. However, it should be pointed out that the inclusive financial system is not only intended to provide savings, insurance, credit and trust products and services to a broad range of low- and middle-income groups, but also an integral part of a national financial system. The establishment of inclusive financial system not only emphasizes the innovation of financial products or financial institutions, but also focuses on how to integrate the scattered financial resources into an organic whole. This paper firstly analyzes the present situation and restriction conditions of the financial system in rural areas of our country, and concludes that the effective supply of financial services in rural areas is seriously inadequate and the inclusive rural finance is not systematized at the present stage. The economic development of our country rural area is restricted seriously. In view of the constraints faced by rural finance in China, the author believes that a nationwide inclusive financial development fund system should be established, initiated by the people's Bank of China, jointly established by the Banking Regulatory Commission, the Securities Regulatory Commission and the Insurance Regulatory Commission to promote the construction of the inclusive financial system. Subsequently, the provincial finance led by the provincial finance, set up the provincial inclusive financial development fund, through policies to guide the major commercial banks to inject funds into the inclusive development fund, and select a high security. The new type of rural financial institutions with good operating performance carry out capital injection and cooperate with the rural financial management departments to supervise the inclusive rural financial institutions that have received funds in accordance with the regulations. Finally, to establish and improve our country's inclusive rural financial system, we also need to consider comprehensively the regulatory framework, laws and regulations, fiscal and tax support, and attach importance to the income and risk control of inclusive financial institutions, so as to realize the sustainable development of inclusive finance. We should establish the corresponding risk control system, realize the inclusive financial system shared by all people as soon as possible, and provide comprehensive financial support for the economic construction and social development of our country.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.1

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