我国商业银行资本结构对经营绩效的影响研究
发布时间：2018-11-13 08:54
【摘要】：西方经济有自己的一套发展理论，然而由于西方与我国经济环境的不同，其理论模式并不符合我国的经济发展。一般来说，，企业资本指权益资本与债务资本的比例。一般企业对资本的定义与银行对资本的定义是有着很大区别的，因为对商业银行来说，它有股东投资而形成的一定产权资本，更重要的是，商业银行大部分的资本来源是从社会上募集而来的债务资本，这是商业银行的主要资本。在新的巴塞尔协议中也有具体的规定，银行的资本包括两大类，主要分为核心资本以及附属资本，并规定了附属资本的比例不能大于核心的100%，这种资本结构也就是通常一般企业说的股权结构。对商业银行来说，一般是银行股权结构对资本结构起了一定的作用，资本结构又影响了银行的绩效水平，这样传递下来，也就是商业银行的资本结构对绩效有一定的影响，因此本文研究优化资本结构来提高经营绩效水平也就有了一定的意义。 文章就我国商业银行资本结构对经营绩效的影响进行了实证分析。在实证研究过程中，首先是选择了目前我国上市的具有代表性的10家商业银行，利用2007年中-2012年中6年的面板数据，资本结构指标主要从股权比例和资本的充足性方面进行衡量，经营绩效指标则从财政部金融系统制定的指标体系加以衡量。分析了整体的商业银行资本结构对经营绩效的影响，得出了一个总的结论。接着为了更好的说明我们要研究的问题，选取了工商银行作为国有银行的代表，华夏银行作为股份制商业银行的代表，对这两家银行采用了从2007年-2012年的季度数据进行多元回归，与总的实证结果进行对比分析。 本文在研究的过程中，注重从实际出发和研究结果的真实性，所得到的研究结论如下：不管是对国有大银行而言，还是对小的股份制银行而言，银行第一大股东持股比例与经营绩效都呈显著负相关，这与我们的前提假设都是一致的；银行前五大股东持股比例与经营绩效显著正相关；资本充足率与商业银行的经营绩效总得来说也呈现出正相关。对研究的十家商业银行做的回归分析结构得知，资本充足率与经营绩效在5%的显著水平下，是有着显著的正相关关系的；总权益占总资产的比重与经营绩效非显著性正相关，对工商银行的实证分析结果显示总权益占总资产的比重与经营绩效呈现负相关，对华夏银行的研究发现，总权益占总资产的比重则呈现出不太显著的正相关。文章的最后一部分是根据实证分析，得出了检验的结构，并提出了相关的政策建议。
[Abstract]:The western economy has its own development theory, however, because of the different economic environment between the west and our country, its theoretical model does not accord with the economic development of our country. Generally speaking, enterprise capital refers to the ratio of equity capital to debt capital. The definition of capital in general enterprises is quite different from the definition of capital in banks, because for commercial banks, it has certain property capital formed by the investment of shareholders, and more importantly, Most of the capital of commercial banks is debt capital raised from the society, which is the main capital of commercial banks. There are also specific provisions in the new Basel Accord. The capital of banks consists of two main categories, core capital and subsidiary capital, and stipulates that the proportion of subsidiary capital should not be greater than that of core capital. This capital structure is usually referred to as the equity structure of the general enterprise. For commercial banks, it is generally the equity structure of the banks that plays a certain role in the capital structure, and the capital structure also affects the performance level of the banks. In other words, the capital structure of the commercial banks has a certain impact on the performance. Therefore, this study on optimizing capital structure to improve the level of operating performance has certain significance. This paper makes an empirical analysis on the influence of the capital structure of Chinese commercial banks on business performance. In the process of empirical research, the first is to select 10 representative commercial banks listed in our country, using panel data from 2007 to 2012. The capital structure index is mainly measured from the equity ratio and the capital adequacy, while the management performance index is measured from the index system established by the financial system of the Ministry of Finance. This paper analyzes the influence of the overall capital structure of commercial banks on the operating performance, and draws a general conclusion. Then, in order to better explain the problems we are going to study, we select ICBC as the representative of the state-owned bank and Huaxia Bank as the representative of the joint-stock commercial bank. The two banks adopt the multivariate regression from 2007 to 2012 to compare the results with the total empirical results. In the course of the research, this paper pays attention to the reality and the authenticity of the research results. The conclusions are as follows: whether for the large state-owned banks or the small joint-stock banks, There is a significant negative correlation between the shareholding ratio of the first largest shareholder and the operating performance, which is consistent with our premise hypothesis; The proportion of the top five shareholders in the bank is significantly positively correlated with the operating performance, and the capital adequacy ratio is also positively correlated with the overall operating performance of the commercial bank. The regression analysis of ten commercial banks shows that there is a significant positive correlation between the capital adequacy ratio and the operating performance at the significant level of 5%. The proportion of total equity in total assets is not significantly correlated with operating performance. The empirical analysis of ICBC shows that the proportion of total equity in total assets is negatively correlated with operating performance, and the research on Huaxia Bank has found that there is a negative correlation between the proportion of total equity in total assets and operating performance. The proportion of total equity to total assets showed a less significant positive correlation. The last part of the article is based on empirical analysis, the structure of the test, and put forward relevant policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.33
本文编号：2328618
[Abstract]:The western economy has its own development theory, however, because of the different economic environment between the west and our country, its theoretical model does not accord with the economic development of our country. Generally speaking, enterprise capital refers to the ratio of equity capital to debt capital. The definition of capital in general enterprises is quite different from the definition of capital in banks, because for commercial banks, it has certain property capital formed by the investment of shareholders, and more importantly, Most of the capital of commercial banks is debt capital raised from the society, which is the main capital of commercial banks. There are also specific provisions in the new Basel Accord. The capital of banks consists of two main categories, core capital and subsidiary capital, and stipulates that the proportion of subsidiary capital should not be greater than that of core capital. This capital structure is usually referred to as the equity structure of the general enterprise. For commercial banks, it is generally the equity structure of the banks that plays a certain role in the capital structure, and the capital structure also affects the performance level of the banks. In other words, the capital structure of the commercial banks has a certain impact on the performance. Therefore, this study on optimizing capital structure to improve the level of operating performance has certain significance. This paper makes an empirical analysis on the influence of the capital structure of Chinese commercial banks on business performance. In the process of empirical research, the first is to select 10 representative commercial banks listed in our country, using panel data from 2007 to 2012. The capital structure index is mainly measured from the equity ratio and the capital adequacy, while the management performance index is measured from the index system established by the financial system of the Ministry of Finance. This paper analyzes the influence of the overall capital structure of commercial banks on the operating performance, and draws a general conclusion. Then, in order to better explain the problems we are going to study, we select ICBC as the representative of the state-owned bank and Huaxia Bank as the representative of the joint-stock commercial bank. The two banks adopt the multivariate regression from 2007 to 2012 to compare the results with the total empirical results. In the course of the research, this paper pays attention to the reality and the authenticity of the research results. The conclusions are as follows: whether for the large state-owned banks or the small joint-stock banks, There is a significant negative correlation between the shareholding ratio of the first largest shareholder and the operating performance, which is consistent with our premise hypothesis; The proportion of the top five shareholders in the bank is significantly positively correlated with the operating performance, and the capital adequacy ratio is also positively correlated with the overall operating performance of the commercial bank. The regression analysis of ten commercial banks shows that there is a significant positive correlation between the capital adequacy ratio and the operating performance at the significant level of 5%. The proportion of total equity in total assets is not significantly correlated with operating performance. The empirical analysis of ICBC shows that the proportion of total equity in total assets is negatively correlated with operating performance, and the research on Huaxia Bank has found that there is a negative correlation between the proportion of total equity in total assets and operating performance. The proportion of total equity to total assets showed a less significant positive correlation. The last part of the article is based on empirical analysis, the structure of the test, and put forward relevant policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.33
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