明代通货问题研究——对明代货币经济规模和结构的初步估计

发布时间：2018-11-29 12:56

【摘要】：市场经济首先是货币经济,一国货币存量的大小也就体现了市场经济的规模。本文因此企图通过估算明代经济中流通钱币的数量来考察其市场规模。有明一代铸钱很少,银矿开采也不发达,主要依赖前代遗存货币和国外的贵金属输入,其经济中究竟有多少货币流通,因为材料无征,一向无法得知。最近有关窖藏铜钱的考古报告日益增多,本文作者主要利用日本境内出土中国铜钱的研究来重建1580年以前明代市场中的货币流通规模,并进而与北宋货币存量加以比较,发现万历以前的明代货币经济规模极其有限,大约是北宋盛时的1/5—1/3。晚明海外输入的白银是明代已有白银存量的4倍,可以说海外白银挽救了明代市场经济。即使如此,晚明的货币存量规模也还是要略低于北宋,洪武型经济体制的落后为明代市场经济的发展带来了意想不到的艰难曲折。
[Abstract]:Market economy is money economy first, the size of a country's money stock also reflects the scale of market economy. Therefore, this paper attempts to estimate the amount of money circulating in the Ming Dynasty economy to investigate its market size. In the Ming Dynasty, there was very little money cast, and silver mining was not developed. It mainly depended on the money left over from the previous generation and the import of precious metals from abroad. How much money was circulating in its economy, because the materials had no sign, it was always impossible to know. Recently, there are more and more archaeological reports on the cellar of copper money. The author mainly uses the study of Chinese copper money unearthed in Japan to reconstruct the currency circulation scale in the Ming Dynasty before 1580, and then compare it with the money stock in the Northern Song Dynasty. It was found that the size of the Ming Dynasty's monetary economy before Wanli was extremely limited, about 1 / 5 / 1 / 3 of the peak of the Northern Song Dynasty. The amount of silver imported from overseas in the late Ming Dynasty is four times that of the stock of silver in the Ming Dynasty, which can be said to have saved the market economy of the Ming Dynasty. Even so, the scale of money stock in the late Ming Dynasty was still slightly lower than that in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the backward Hongwu economic system brought unexpected difficulties and difficulties to the development of the market economy in the Ming Dynasty.
【作者单位】：香港科技大学人文学部;
【基金】：美国国家自然科学基金会赞助的Global Prices and Income,1200—1950,Stage 2课题(NSF06/07.HSS01)支持
【分类号】：F822.9;K248

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