中小银行在中小企业融资中的作用分析

发布时间：2019-05-10 11:46

【摘要】：无论在发达国家还是发展中国家,中小企业在繁荣市场、增加就业机会、创造社会财富方面等发挥着重要作用。我国中小企业的数量占到企业总数99%,是国民经济的的重要组成部分。然而一直以来,我国中小企业得到的融资支持与其在国民经济中的地位作用极不对称,融资难问题始终制约着中小企业的发展,如何解决中小企业融资难问题受到了社会各界的高度关注。银行贷款是目前我国中小企业融资的最主要渠道,大多数学者和文献认为,在银行业结构中占绝对优势的大型银行倾向于为大企业提供贷款,中小银行则以中小企业为贷款对象,并且中小银行在向中小企业贷款时具有优势。近年来,我国中小银行经过不断发展,已经成为我国金融机构的重要力量,中小银行在支持中小企业融资方面取得了一定成就,但是为什么随着中小银行发展中小企业融资难问题并未根本性解决。此外,2012年我国存款利率市场化进入攻坚阶段,深受利差空间收窄的影响,中小银行现有的盈利方式受到挑战,在激烈的市场竞争环境下,中小银行迫切需要快速准确地寻找市场定位以确保其可持续发展。本文将中小银行与中小企业融资结合起来,从理论和实证两方面研究和探讨中小银行在中小企业融资中的作用,具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文首先分析了我国中小企业的融资现状和中小银行的发展现状,主要包括中小企业在经济发展中的重要地位、中小企业面临的融资约束情况和利率市场化之后中小银行的生存和发展。其次对中小银行发展与中小企业融资的关系进行理论解析,分别运用信息不对称理论、信贷配给理论、关系型信贷理论、小银行优势理论对中小银行与中小企业融资的关系进行一般性的理论阐述,为本文研究奠定理论基础。在理论分析的基础上,本文运用宏观和微观两个层面的具体数据进行实证研究,揭示中小银行的发展对于缓解中小企业融资约束的重要性,并对实证结论的现实性进行分析。最后,针对现实中存在的问题,提出相应的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Whether in developed or developing countries, small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in prospering the market, increasing employment opportunities and creating social wealth. The number of small and medium-sized enterprises in China accounts for 99% of the total number of enterprises, which is an important part of the national economy. However, for a long time, the financing support of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is very asymmetrical with their position in the national economy, and the problem of financing difficulties has always restricted the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. How to solve the financing problem of small and medium-sized enterprises has been highly concerned by all walks of life. Bank loan is the most important channel of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises in our country at present. Most scholars and literature think that the large banks, which occupy the absolute advantage in the banking structure, tend to provide loans to large enterprises. Small and medium-sized banks take small and medium-sized enterprises as the object of loan, and small and medium-sized banks have advantages in lending to small and medium-sized enterprises. In recent years, after continuous development, small and medium-sized banks in China have become an important force of financial institutions in our country, and small and medium-sized banks have made certain achievements in supporting the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. But why with the development of small and medium-sized banks financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises has not been fundamentally solved. In addition, in 2012, the marketization of deposit interest rate in China entered the key stage, which was deeply affected by the narrowing of interest rate space, and the existing profit mode of small and medium-sized banks was challenged. In the fierce market competition environment, Small and medium-sized banks urgently need to find market positioning quickly and accurately to ensure their sustainable development. This paper combines the financing of small and medium-sized banks with the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises, and studies and discusses the role of small and medium-sized banks in the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises from both theoretical and empirical aspects, which is of great theoretical and practical significance. This paper first analyzes the financing status of small and medium-sized enterprises in China and the development of small and medium-sized banks, including the important position of small and medium-sized enterprises in economic development. The financing constraints faced by small and medium-sized enterprises and the survival and development of small and medium-sized banks after the marketization of interest rates. Secondly, the relationship between the development of small and medium-sized banks and the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises is analyzed theoretically, using the theory of information asymmetry, the theory of credit rationing and the theory of relational credit. The theory of advantages of small banks makes a general theoretical exposition of the relationship between small and medium-sized banks and financing of small and medium-sized enterprises, which lays a theoretical foundation for this study. On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper uses macro and micro specific data to carry out empirical research, reveals the importance of the development of small and medium-sized banks to alleviate the financing constraints of small and medium-sized enterprises, and analyzes the reality of empirical conclusions. Finally, in view of the problems existing in reality, put forward the corresponding policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.2;F276.3

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