中国农村金融可持续发展问题研究

发布时间：2019-06-12 02:58

【摘要】：中国经济社会城乡“二元”结构的本质是两个经济区域内两种生产力水平的差异，把农村经济发展作为国家经济发展战略开展社会主义新农村建设，把以工促农、以城带乡的城乡一体化发展模式作为向农村迁移先进生产力的基本手段，实现城市与农村两个区域内生产力水平的均衡发展，是保证农村经济可持续发展的外部动力。依托“生态文明”和“信息化”建设的国家发展战略，调整农业生产方式，创新农村经营模式，建立以农业产业发展为主体，，相关产业发展为支撑，立足农村的生产和需求，构建并开放有中国特色的农村市场，建立和完善农村市场机制体制，优化农村区域内市场资源配置，是保障农村经济可持续发展的内部动力。农村金融内生于农村经济，农村经济的可持续发展作为农村金融可持续发展的外部条件是国家意志和国家经济发展的战略部署，本文不做深入研究，而基于农村经济可持续发展背景下的农村金融可持续发展，包括农村金融体系的可持续发展和农村金融效率的可持续发展是本文的研究内容。受中国市场经济发展阶段的客观性限制，所以金融业长期以来支持重心一直处在工业、商业等市场经济活跃领域，城市金融发展水平远远优于农村。农业生产“靠天吃饭”的不确定性、农产品市场的不开放性、农村公共资源配套的滞后性、农村人口的分散性，致使中国农村金融长期以来总体上一直处在政策性金融的发展阶段，缺乏可持续的以市场为基础的金融体系构建，这些客观情况严重影响了农村经济的全面发展和繁荣。国外在探索和实践农村经济发展的道路中积累了一定的经验，这些经验直指农村金融体系建设问题，即农村金融发展状况在一定的条件下直接主导了农村经济发展，使得原有单纯依靠农村基础设施建设和农业生产的农村发展模式得以转变，进而形成了以农村金融支撑农村经济发展的新型改革之路。显然，中国经济发展至今已经具备金融支撑农村经济发展的条件和要求，社会生产力发展水平和国民经济整体水平的提高为农村金融发展奠定了客观基础；涉农金融机构较多，其在农村网点覆盖面较大，为农村金融服务开展提供条件；农村人口受教育程度不断提高，具备使用金融产品的条件；现代化农业和农村城镇化建设需要金融支持；城乡发展的不平衡性及城市饱和压力的存在，客观要求金融业要开辟农村这个新市场。同时，基于现有条件实施农村金融化具有较好的发展前景。已有针对中国农村市场的研究表明，农村金融对于转变城乡“二元”经济体制，改善农村经济结构，促进农村市场的资源配置，提高相关要素的生产率，缓解和转变农村居民的贫困程度，应对人口流动，都有积极的作用。当前中国针对农村所实施的各项政策以及涉农金融机构所开展的各项金融服务都反映了中国正逐步启动农村市场，依托金融支撑农村发展道路，转变和实现农村的增长。对此，不少学者也给出了较为客观的评判和经验总结：改革的方向正确，对于解决当前农村发展的问题具有积极的作用，然而当前农村金融服务仅能够发挥短期效应，很多的政策和机构行为都只对短期的农村市场问题起作用而忽视了长远的可持续发展。归结中国当前农村整体的发展现状就是，农村金融体制改革促进和实现了农村的短期发展，但改革在整体上缺乏基于市场的构建，不具有可持续性，没有充分发挥推动农村经济增长的功能。基于对中国农村发展和对中国农村金融市场发展现状的分析，结合学者们对中国近年来针对农村金融支撑农村发展结果和效率的总结，本文从可持续性的角度审视和考察了中国农村金融发展进程中存在的问题，通过理论和实证对中国农村金融可持续发展路径进行了有效地识别，以期能够为完善中国农村金融体系，保障农村金融支撑农民增收、农村发展和农业增长的可持续提供必要的证据和指导。在整合论文整体框架的过程中，本文注重将理论和实证有效地结合，一方面承袭前人的研究成果，应用全新和完整的数据就中国农村金融发展对经济发展的真实效应进行了动态的测度和识别，更细致甄别了农村金融发展促进农村经济发展的功能。另一方面客观的总结了中国农村金融可持续发展道路上需要应对的基本问题，包括农村金融体系的可持续发展问题、农村金融效率的可持续发展问题，并从实证角度对农村金融发展的制约因素进行了识别。基于前面两个方面的分析和论述，本文最终形成了针对中国农村金融可持续发展的建议框架，既包括借鉴国外发展经验对农村金融不同层面体系的指导意见，又包括结合国情和发展现状对农村金融可持续发展的政策建议。本文的具体结构安排如下：第1章为绪论部分，从本文的研究背景和研究意义出发，在理顺目前针对农村经济发展和农村金融发展的文献的基础上，引出了本文研究的基本思路和方法，总体概况了本文的研究框架。第2章是中国农村金融发展对农村经济发展的影响研究，在总结和整合前人针对农村金融和农村经济发展相关性研究结论的基础上，应用完整和全新的数据，运用状态空间模型从动态的视角审视和考察了中国农村金融对农村经济增长的影响路径。借助于状态空间在测度潜在因子的动态变化，本文能够识别和测度中国改革开放以后不同阶段下农村金融对农村经济增长的影响，从对整体宏观的农村经济增长到具体的农民收入增加，既对农村金融产生的实际经济效应进行了再次的验证，同时也考证了农村金融发展过程中的具体趋势，有助于识别和诊断中国农村金融不同发展阶段的效率，并针对性地提出中国农村金融可持续发展的建议和指导，为本文后续内容的展开奠定实证数据基础。第3章研究了中国农村金融体系可持续发展问题，包括构建中国多层次农村金融体系研究、着重就新型农村金融机构可持续发展路径选择、控制新型农村金融机构风险、优化财政支持政策进行阐述，从一个宏观的层面对中国未来农村金融可持续发展框架进行了论证。第4章对中国农村金融效率可持续发展进行分析，分别就中国农村宏观与微观金融效率发展路径以及不同区域金融效率差异进行了分析，探讨了维持农村金融效率可持续发展的制度问题以及激励机制问题。第5章从微观层面细致甄别了制约中国农村金融可持续发展的因素。除了使用DEMATEL因素分析法对中国农村金融生态环境的关键因素进行识别外，本部分还以甘肃省为例考察了金融支农的制约因素，并提出了针对制约因素的发展路径，即以金融服务创新带动中国农村整体效率的提升方案。第6章主要是针对国外发达国家和发展中国家农村金融可持续发展体系建设情况进行介绍，并从中寻找适合中国农村金融发展的经验，最后分别从“金融体系架构”和“金融创新与金融保障体制”两个方面进行总结，并提出了对中国农村金融可持续发展有益的思路。第7章在总结全文的基础上，概括和总结了中国农村金融可持续发展的路径问题，具体从正规金融、非正规金融以及金融服务三个层面总结和归纳了一些有针对性的政策建议，希望能以此完善中国农村金融体系和体制，充分发挥金融支农的重要作用，保证中国农村金融的可持续发展，由此促进中国农村经济的全面可持续发展。
[Abstract]:The essence of the urban and rural "binary" structure in China is the difference of the two productivity levels in the two economic regions, and the rural economic development as the national economic development strategy to carry out the construction of the new socialist countryside, to promote the agriculture, The urban and rural integrated development model, which takes the urban and rural areas as the basic means to transfer the advanced productive forces to the rural areas, realizes the balanced development of the productivity level in both urban and rural areas, and is the external power to ensure the sustainable development of the rural economy. Relying on the national development strategy of "ecological civilization" and "Informationization" construction, the agricultural production mode is adjusted, the rural operating mode is innovated, the development of the agricultural industry as the main body, the development of the related industries is supported, the rural market with Chinese characteristics is constructed and opened based on the production and demand of the rural areas, To set up and perfect the system of rural market mechanism and to optimize the allocation of market resources in the rural areas is the internal power to guarantee the sustainable development of the rural economy. The rural finance is born in the rural economy, the sustainable development of the rural economy as the external condition of the sustainable development of the rural finance is the national will and the strategic deployment of the national economic development, The sustainable development of the rural finance under the background of the sustainable development of the rural economy, including the sustainable development of the rural financial system and the sustainable development of the rural financial efficiency, is the content of this paper. Due to the objectivity of the development stage of the market economy in China, the financial industry has long supported the active areas of the market economy such as industry and commerce, and the level of urban finance development is far superior to that of the peasants The uncertainty of the agricultural production "to eat in the sky", the non-openness of the agricultural market, the lagging of the rural public resources and the dispersibility of the rural population have long been at the development stage of the policy finance for a long time The lack of sustainable market-based financial system construction has seriously affected the overall development and propagation of the rural economy The foreign country has accumulated some experience in the way to explore and practice the rural economic development, which directly refers to the problem of the construction of the rural financial system, that is, the development of the rural finance has led the rural economic development directly under certain conditions The exhibition has made it possible to transform the original rural development model of the rural infrastructure construction and the agricultural production, so as to form a new type of reform to support the rural economic development in the rural finance It is clear that China's economic development has been provided with the conditions and requirements of financial support for rural economic development. The level of social productivity development and the improvement of the overall level of the national economy have laid an objective foundation for the development of the rural finance. Large, providing conditions for rural financial services; the continuous improvement of the education level of the rural population and the conditions for the use of financial products; the need for financial support in the construction of modern agriculture and rural urbanization; the imbalance of the development of urban and rural areas and the storage of the city's saturation pressure At the same time, it is objective to ask the financial industry to open up the new city in the countryside Field. At the same time, it is better to implement the rural finance based on the existing conditions The study of the rural market in China has shown that the rural finance is about changing the urban and rural "binary" economic system, improving the rural economic structure, promoting the resource allocation of the rural market, improving the productivity of the related factors, relieving and transforming the poverty degree of the rural residents, and responding to the population flow It's all positive. The current China's policies for rural areas and the financial services carried out by the non-agricultural financial institutions reflect that China is gradually starting the rural market, relying on finance to support the rural development road, transforming and realizing the increase of the rural areas In this respect, many scholars have also given more objective judgment and experience summary: the direction of reform is correct, and it has an active role in solving the problems of the current rural development, but the current rural financial service can only play a short-term effect At the same time, many of the policies and institutional conduct have only played a role in the short-term rural market problem and neglect the long-term sustainable development The current situation of the current rural development in China is that the reform of the rural financial system has promoted and realized the short-term development of the countryside, but the reform of the whole country lacks the construction of the market based on the whole, it is not sustainable, and the work of promoting the economic growth of the rural areas is not brought into full play. On the basis of the analysis of China's rural development and the current situation of the development of the rural financial market in China, the combination of the scholars' analysis of China's rural financial support rural development results and efficiency in recent years The paper summarizes the problems existing in the process of rural financial development from the perspective of sustainability, and makes an effective identification of the sustainable development path of China's rural finance through the theory and the empirical study, so as to be able to improve the rural gold in China. The system will guarantee the rural finance to support the farmers' income, rural development and the sustainable supply of the agricultural growth. In the course of the overall framework of the whole paper, this paper focuses on the combination of the theory and the positivism, on the one hand, the research results of the predecessors, the new and complete data is applied to measure the real effect of China's rural financial development on the economic development. And further detail the rural financial development and promote the rural economic development. On the other hand, on the other hand, the basic problems that need to be dealt with in the sustainable development of China's rural finance, including the sustainable development of the rural financial system, the sustainable development of the rural financial efficiency, and the restricting factors of the rural financial development from the positive angle Based on the analysis and discussion of the two aspects, this paper finally formed a suggestion framework for the sustainable development of rural finance in China, both of which include the reference of foreign development experience to the system of different levels of rural finance. It also includes the administration of the sustainable development of the rural finance in the light of the state of the country and the current situation of development The specific structure of this article is as follows: The row is as follows: Chapter 1 is the introduction part. Based on the research background and the research significance of this paper, the basic principles of this paper are drawn out based on the paper on the development of rural economy and the development of rural finance. The general situation of this paper is the thought and method. Chapter 2 is the study of the impact of rural financial development on the development of rural economy. The whole and the whole new data, using the state space model to examine and examine the rural finance to the rural economy from the dynamic perspective By means of the dynamic changes of the state space in the measure potential factors, this paper is able to recognize and measure the influence of the rural finance on the rural economic growth at different stages after the reform and opening-up in China, and from the overall macro-scale rural economy to the specific The increase of the farmer's income is not only a re-verification of the actual economic effect of the rural finance, but also the concrete trend in the development of the rural finance, which can help to identify and diagnose the different rural finance in China. The efficiency of the development stage and the suggestion and guidance of the sustainable development of China's rural finance are put forward. The paper studies the sustainable development of the rural financial system in China, including the establishment of a multi-level rural financial system in China, and focuses on the selection of the sustainable development path of the new rural financial institutions, and controls the risk of the new rural financial institutions and the optimization of the financial resources. The policy of government support is elaborated, from a macro level to China's future rural finance is sustainable The development framework has been demonstrated. Chapter 4 analyzes the sustainable development of the rural financial efficiency in China, respectively on the development path of the macro-and micro-financial efficiency of China's rural areas and the different regions The difference of financial efficiency is analyzed, and the system of sustainable development of rural financial efficiency is discussed. The question of degree and the question of the incentive mechanism. Chapter 5 carefully screened the restriction from the micro level In addition to the identification of the key factors of the rural financial and ecological environment in China, the part of this part, in addition to using the DEMATEL factor analysis method to identify the key factors of the rural financial ecological environment in China, also takes the Gansu province as an example to study the restriction factors of the financial support and agriculture, and The development path for the restricting factors is shown, which is driven by the innovation of financial service Chapter 6 mainly focuses on the development of the rural financial sustainable development system of the developed and developing countries, and finds the experience suitable for the development of rural financial development in China, and finally, from the "financial system architecture" and the "unk>" Financial Innovation and Financial Guarantee System, respectively. " two aspects are summarized and the centering Chapter 7, on the basis of summarizing the full text, summarizes and summarizes the path problems of the sustainable development of rural finance in China, in particular from the three levels of formal finance, informal finance and financial service The paper sums up and sums up some targeted policy suggestions, and hopes to improve the rural financial system and system in China, and to give full play to the important role of the financial support and agriculture, and to guarantee the sustainable development of the rural finance in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.7

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