中国农村非正规金融的现状及其影响因素分析

发布时间：2019-07-03 10:14

【摘要】：中国是世界上最重要的发展中国家之一，农业人口众多。党的十六大以来，我国“三农”政策取得重大突破，农业和农村发展出现重大机遇。其中涉及到的最重大的课题就是深化农村金融体制改革，建立符合农业特点和农民需求的金融服务体系，促进农村经济健康持续发展。政府投入大量资金发展对农户的低息贷款工程，但还是杯水车薪，大部分农户依然依靠非正规金融融资。在本文的导论部分，对写作背景和意义进行了详细描述。国内外对非正规金融的定义、作用和产生原因意见不一。学者们的研究结论也作为文献综述出现在导论部分。正规和非正规金融并存的现象在发展中国家中很普遍。非正规金融指：在现有正规金融体质以外由非法定民间金融部门从事的不被政府的正规制度保护和规范的间接金融。具有资金来源的非公性，高度灵活性等特点，灵活性和贷款资金的用途不同也是正规金融和非正规金融的主要区别。非正规金融经历了民间自由借贷、各种合会、钱背、钱庄等由简单组织到复杂组织的历史演变过程。一直到改革开放以后，处于压抑状态的非正规金融才重新活跃起来。民间借贷对农村社会经济生活的影响逐步增大，对正规金融机构的融资替代效应也日渐显现。非正规金融的形式多种多样，比如合会，钱庄，农金会，高利贷等形式。“Tsai(2001)认为，中国的非正规金融应该分为三类，即合法，半合法和非法。”合法渠道的非正规金融主要是个人之间直接借贷和典当，而农村合作基金会和高利贷则属于半合法和非法的渠道。“对于正处在经济转型期的中国，哪种类型的非正规金融市场对于农村小微民营企业的发展都有重要的意义”，正规金融机构的供求矛盾为非正规金融提供了生存和发展的空间，非正规金融也因其手续简单，借款规模、成本与期限更切合农户需求而迅速壮大。“根据‘汇丰-清华’中国农村金融发展项目组对温州非正规金融的调查表明：2007年1-10月，400户监测对象发生非正规金融贷款10671万元，比年初增长927万元，增加9.5%。而2007年企业运营资金构成中非正规金融的融资远远多于银行贷款。”由于没有金融监管部门负责收集监督非正规金融的相关数据，非正规金融发生的又很隐秘，所以估计中国农村非正规金融的规模一直以来是一个难题，国内学者大多通过问卷调查，，再进行推算的方式。虽然对学术界对中国农村非正规金融规模的具体大小没有统一的结论，但普遍认为非正规金融市场很大。非正规金融在法律上得不到认可，又缺乏监管，这也阻碍了其正常发展。非正规金融在很多国家和地区都有不同程度的发展，了解这些也可以给中国的非正规金融一些借鉴和启示。在发达国家部分，本文以美国和日本为例。美国的非正规金融受到政府的大力支持蓬勃发展，在经济和社会发展中也起到重要作用。而日本的非正规金融最然很有悠久的历史，却由于政府的过度干预慢慢被正规金融吸纳，失去自己的独立性。孟加拉国的格莱珉银行作为发展中国家非正规金融的成功例子，给我们的启示是：要探索出一个适合中国国情的非正规金融组织。中国台湾的非正规金融在深度和广度上都是不可比拟的。这种状况是由多种原因共同造就的，而台湾经济快速腾飞，成为“亚洲四小龙”与根深蒂固的非正规金融密不可分。台湾的经验告诉我们：只要有严格的规范和监管制度，非正规金融是可以为经济发展和社会稳定做出贡献的。在中国农村，金融抑制和金融排斥现象非常普遍，特别是在东北地区，非正规金融应运而生。在很多发展中国家的农村地区，非正规金融都处于一个重要位置。科学的分析中国农村非正规的影响因素，有利于政府和金融机构合理的制定相关政策，提高资金的配置效率，推进我国农业健康发展。本文对中国农业大省之一吉林省804户农户2010年的调查数据进行分析。有30%的目标农户参与农村非正规金融，这也说明了非正规金融在吉林省农村地区是普遍存在的。之后对参与非正规金融的30%的农户家庭的自然情况，收支情况以及借贷的组成情况这三个大方向分析得出相应结论。从这三个大项中选出26个最可能影响非正规金融规模的小项，采用EViews6.0软件对模型参数进行OLS估计。得到以下结论：家庭总支出，外出打工收入，和家庭土地拥有量是中国农村非正规金融规模的重要影响因素。非正规金融借贷利率对非正规金融规模影响不大，子女上学借款金额和家庭医疗费用借款金额虽然占农户借贷的比例比较大，但并不是其明显的影响因素。最后，根据第三章其他国家非正规金融的发展经验和第四章计量分析得出的非正规金融规模影响因素，对政府部门提出政策建议。希望可以合理规划非正规金融，让其为中国农村经济发展和社会稳定做出应有的贡献。提出的政策建议分为两个方面：首先是监管方面。要制定完善的非正规金融法律法规和监管模式。没有规矩，不成方圆。只有克服了非正规金融的负面影响才能让其健康发展。其次是扶持方面的政策建议：1、加强对农村劳动力资源配置，继续鼓励农民工本地就业。2、大力推行惠农政策，减少农户总支出。3、稳定粮食收购价格，减少耕作成本。4、合理土地分配，减轻农民负担。增加政府扶持可以让非正规金融快速发展，为中华民族的伟大复兴做出贡献。
[Abstract]:China is one of the most important developing countries in the world. Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's "rural and rural areas" policy has made a major breakthrough in the development of agriculture and rural areas. The most important task involved is to deepen the reform of the rural financial system, to establish a financial service system that is in line with the agricultural characteristics and the needs of the farmers, and to promote the sustainable development of the rural economy. The government has invested a lot of money to develop low-interest loans for farmers, but it's still a cup of water, and most of the farmers still rely on informal finance. In the introductory part of this paper, the background and significance of writing are described in detail. There are different opinions on the definition, function and cause of informal finance at home and abroad. The research conclusion of the scholars has also appeared in the introduction part as a literature review. The co-existence of both formal and informal finance is well in developing countries Non-formal financial means an indirect gold that is not protected and regulated by the formal system of the government, other than the existing formal financial constitution, by the non-governmental civil financial sector With the characteristics of non-public and high flexibility of the source of funding, the different uses of flexibility and loan funds are also the main areas of formal and non-formal finance Don't. The informal finance has gone through the history of the simple organization to the complex organization from the simple organization to the complex organization. By the time of the reform and opening-up, the non-formal finance, which is in a state of depression, is only re-active The influence of the folk loan on the economic life of the rural society is gradually increased, and the effect of the financing of the formal financial institution is becoming more and more obvious. The forms of non-formal finance are diverse, such as the triad, the bank, the agricultural gold club, the high-interest loan and so on. The informal finance of the legal channels of the "Tsai (2001) said that China's informal finance should be divided into three categories, namely, legal, semi-legal and illegal." is mainly the direct lending and pawn between individuals, while the rural cooperative foundations and the high-interest loans are semi-legal and illegal. In "For China, which type of informal financial market is in the economic transition, it is of great significance to the development of small-scale private enterprises in the rural areas", the contradiction between supply and demand of formal financial institutions provides the living and developing space for the informal finance, and the informal finance is fast and strong due to the simple procedure, the size of the loan, the cost and the time limit more relevant to the needs of the farmers Large. According to the survey of the informal finance in Wenzhou by the China Rural Finance Development Project Team of the China-Tsinghua University, the survey of the informal finance in Wenzhou has shown that in January-October 2007, the non-formal financial loan of 400 households in the 400 households was RMB 1061.71 million, an increase of 9.5% over the beginning of the year, and the financing of the informal finance in the construction of the enterprise operating funds in 2007 is far more than the bank loan. "Since no financial supervision department is responsible for collecting the relevant data for supervising the informal finance, the informal finance is very secretive, so it is estimated that the scale of the informal finance in China has always been a difficult problem, and most of the domestic scholars have adopted the questionnaire." Recalculated party The informal financial market is generally considered to be very important, although there is no uniform conclusion on the specific size of the informal financial scale in the rural areas of China. Large. Non-formal finance is not legally recognized and lacks regulation, which also hampers its normal development The non-formal finance has a different degree of development in many countries and regions, and it can also be used for reference to the informal finance in China and the enlightenment. In the developed countries, this article is based on the United States and Japan For example, the informal finance of the United States has been vigorously supported by the government, and it also plays a role in the economic and social development Japan's informal finance has a long history, but the government's excessive intervention is slowly absorbed by the formal finance, losing its own As a successful example of the non-formal finance in developing countries, the Grammys Bank of Bangladesh, as a successful example of the informal finance in developing countries, is to explore a non-formal gold that is suitable for China's national conditions The informal finance of China's Taiwan is both in depth and in breadth The situation is made by a variety of reasons, and the rapid development of Taiwan's economy has become the "Asian Tigers" and the deep-rooted informal finance. No. Taiwan's experience tells us that, as long as there are strict rules and regulations, the informal finance can be made for economic development and social stability It is very common in China's rural, financial and financial rejection, especially in the Northeast, the non-formal gold. In rural areas of many developing countries, informal finance is in one place An important position. Scientific analysis of the influence factors of the rural informal sector in China, which is conducive to the rational development of relevant policies by the government and the financial institutions, so as to improve the allocation efficiency of the funds and advance the agriculture of our country The survey of 804 households in Jilin province, one of China's largest agricultural provinces, in 2010 An analysis was carried out.30 per cent of the target farmers were involved in rural informal finance, which also indicated that the informal finance was in rural areas of Jilin Province There are three large-scale analyses of the natural situation, the situation of income and expenditure and the composition of the lending of 30 per cent of the households involved in the informal finance. Out of these three large terms,26 small items most likely to influence the size of the informal finance are selected, and the model parameters are made by using the EViews6.0 software. OLS estimates. The following conclusions are obtained: total household expenditure, out-of-work income, and household land holdings are the weight of the informal financial size in the rural areas of China The non-formal financial lending rate has little impact on the size of the informal finance, and the loan amount of the children to school and the amount of the family medical expense loan are relatively large, although the proportion of the rural households is relatively large, but it is not obvious Factors of the impact of the informal financial size, resulting from the development experience of other countries in the third chapter and the measurement and analysis of chapter IV, and the Ministry of Government The door provides policy advice. It is hoped that the informal finance can be properly planned so as to make it stable for rural economic development and social stability in China The proposed policy recommendations are divided into two areas: First of all, regulatory aspects. To develop a well-established non-formal financial law Regulatory and regulatory models. No The rules, not a circle. Only the negative effects of the informal finance are overcome. the second is the policy of support:1. Strengthen the allocation of rural labor resources, and continue to encourage the local employment of the migrant workers.2. Promote the implementation of the policy of the farmers and reduce the total expenditure of the farmers.3. Stabilize the price of grain purchase and reduce the cost of farming.4. Reasonable land distribution Reducing the burden of the farmers. Increasing the government's support for the rapid development of the informal finance is a way for the Chinese nation
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.35;F224

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