建筑屋面相变储能建筑材料的制备与热性能研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 21:37

本文选题：石蜡 + 相变材料　；参考：《沈阳建筑大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：建筑能耗在我国总能耗中占有举足轻重的地位,广义建筑能耗是指从建筑材料制造、建筑施工,一直到建筑使用的全过程能耗;狭义的建筑能耗,即建筑的运行能耗,就是人们日常用能,如采暖、空调、照明、炊事、洗衣等的能耗是建筑能耗中的主导部分,而空调能耗又占有主要比例约为2/3左右,因此降低空调能耗是关系到建筑节能成败的关键因素,研发与应用既能降低建筑能耗,又能提高室内环境热感舒适度的新型节能建筑材料已势在必行。相变储能材料(PCM)在相变化过程中吸收或释放能量而不需要格外增加能耗,具有广泛应用的理论基础,将相变材料应用到建筑中,可以实现房间的智能调温,提高房间的舒适性和能源的利用率,为节约建筑能耗提供新的途径。本课题以液、固态复合石蜡为相变材料,超轻粘土陶粒和膨胀珍珠岩为吸附载体,探讨了具有合适相变温度与潜热的复合相变材料的筛选；探讨了超轻陶粒和膨胀珍珠岩在不同的吸附条件下对石蜡的吸附能力；制备了石蜡/陶粒(膨胀珍珠岩)定型相变材料；探讨了封装材料对定型相变材料的封装效果；最后按照《轻骨料混凝土技术规程》、《建筑砂浆基本性能的实验方法》制备方法制备了相变混凝土、相变砂浆试件,设有空白样,养护28d后,测试试件的力学性能、热稳定性能,探讨了屋面相变建筑材料的应用效果和应用价值。试验采用DSC、步冷曲线法确定了两种适合建筑屋面中使用的复合相变石蜡：一种是3号石蜡：固体石蜡=4：6,其相变温度和相变焓分别为23.51℃、71.47J/g；另一种是正构十四烷：固体石蜡=4：6,其相变温度和相变焓分别为24.79℃、71.59J/g。通过真空和自然吸附两种方法制备定型相变材料,陶粒真空吸附2h石蜡吸附量达到95.5%,自然吸附24h石蜡吸附量仅为11.3%；膨胀珍珠岩真空吸附0.5h石蜡吸附量达到223.1%,自然吸附24h石蜡吸附量为169.5%,故选用真空吸附方式。6101环氧树脂与三乙烯四胺按质量100：9.8比例均匀混合作为石蜡/陶粒定型相变材料的封装材料,经过30次热循环后封装定型相变材料的渗漏率约为未封装的一半,最小渗漏率仅为3.3%,制备的J、W3#、F3#、W14和F14共5个系列的混凝土(F表示定型相变材料已封装、W表示未封装、上标表示所用的石蜡类型)在养护阶段保持完好,无脱落、裂缝现象,经过30次热循环后混凝土的质量损失均小于0.89%忽略不计,F14系列相变混凝土的抗压强度最高为7.1MPa,强度损失7.8%。EVA乳液作为石蜡/膨胀珍珠岩定型相变材料的封装材料,同样制备J、W3#、F3#、W14和F14共5个系列的相变砂浆,经过30次热循环后F14系列相变砂浆渗漏最小为1.1%,抗压强度最高2.3MPa,损失20.7%。因此封装材料均能有效阻止陶粒和膨胀珍珠岩中相变材料在相变循环中的渗漏,进而降低强度损失。试验测得J、W、F系列相变混凝土的导热系数均在0.17W/m·K左右,为进一步研究相变储能屋面对室内环境的调温效果,本实验用挤塑聚苯板(XPS板)自制了保温隔热性能测试箱,测试箱顶部放置相变混凝土用来模拟屋面结构,采用F14系列相变混凝土作为屋面时模型中心从24℃降到18℃用时450min,比普通混凝土作为屋面持续时间延长47.5%。说明相变混凝土可以有效减少室内温度波动范围,延缓室内温度波动时间,起到一定的调温效果,从而提高居住的舒适性。
[Abstract]:Building energy consumption plays an important role in the total energy consumption in China. The generalized building energy consumption refers to the whole process energy consumption from building material, building construction to building use. The narrow sense of building energy consumption, that is, the energy consumption of the building, is the energy consumption of people's daily energy, such as heating, air conditioning, lighting, cooking, laundry and other energy consumption in building energy consumption. The main proportion of air conditioning energy consumption is about 2/3, so reducing air conditioning energy consumption is the key factor affecting the success or failure of building energy conservation. It is imperative to develop and apply new energy saving building materials which can reduce building energy consumption and improve indoor environmental heat comfort. Phase change energy storage material (PCM) has changed in phase The absorption or release of energy in the process does not require extra energy consumption. It has a wide application of the theoretical basis, the application of phase change materials into the building, can realize the intelligent temperature modulation of the room, improve the comfort of the room and the utilization of energy, and provide a new way to save the energy consumption of the building. Light clay ceramsite and expanded perlite are used as adsorption carriers, and the selection of composite phase change materials with suitable phase transition temperature and latent heat is discussed. The adsorption capacity of ultralight ceramsite and expanded perlite on paraffin wax under different adsorption conditions is discussed. The paraffin / ceramsite (Peng Zhangzhen pearl rock) type phase change material is prepared, and the packaging materials are discussed. In the end, the phase change concrete is prepared according to the technical specification of lightweight aggregate concrete, the experimental method of basic properties of building mortar, and the test parts of phase change mortar. After the maintenance of 28d, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the test specimen are tested and the application effect of the roofing phase change building material is discussed. Two kinds of composite paraffins suitable for building roofs are determined by DSC and step cooling curve method: one is No. 3 paraffin: solid paraffin =4:6, the phase transition temperature and phase transition enthalpy are 23.51, 71.47J/g, and the other is =4:6, solid paraffin =4:6, and the phase transition temperature and phase change enthalpy are 2, respectively. At 4.79 C, 71.59J/g. was prepared by two methods of vacuum and natural adsorption. The adsorption capacity of 2H paraffin was 95.5%, and the natural adsorption of 24h paraffin was only 11.3%; the adsorption amount of 0.5h paraffin was 223.1%, and the adsorption capacity of 24h paraffin was 169.5%, so vacuum adsorption was selected. 6101 epoxy resin and three ethylene four amine are evenly mixed as paraffin / ceramsite phase change materials by mass 100:9.8 ratio. After 30 cycles of thermal cycling, the leakage rate is about half unpackaged and the minimum leakage rate is only 3.3%. The prepared J, W3#, F3#, W14 and F14 are a total of 5 series of concrete (F is determined by F The type phase change material has been encapsulated, W indicates that the type of paraffin used is maintained in good maintenance stage, without falling off, crack phenomenon. After 30 cycles, the mass loss of concrete is less than 0.89% negligible. The maximum compressive strength of F14 series phase change concrete is 7.1MPa, and the strength loss 7.8%.EVA emulsion is used as paraffin / expansion. 5 series of phase change mortar of J, W3#, F3#, W14 and F14 are also prepared. After 30 cycles of thermal cycling, the minimum leakage of F14 series phase change mortar is 1.1%, the maximum compressive strength is 2.3MPa, and the loss 20.7%. can effectively stop the phase change material in the ceramic and expanded perlite in phase change cycle. The thermal conductivity of J, W, F series phase change concrete is around 0.17W/m. K, in order to further study the temperature adjustment effect of the phase change energy storage house in the face of the indoor environment, this experiment uses the extruded polystyrene board (XPS plate) to make the thermal insulation test box, and the top of the test box is placed with the phase change concrete for the mold. The proposed roof structure, using F14 series phase change concrete as the roof of the roof when the model center is reduced from 24 to 18 C, is 450min, which is longer than that of the ordinary concrete as the roof of the roof. It shows that the phase change concrete can effectively reduce the range of indoor temperature fluctuation, postpone the temperature fluctuation time in the room and play a certain temperature adjustment effect, thus improving the residence. The comfort of living.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU551

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