对诗人卡曼的研究：Research Report on Bliss Carman

极乐卡曼，加拿大诗人，，他一生大部分时间生活在美国，在那里他获得国际声誉。他被公认为加拿大的桂冠诗人和联邦诗人之一。

塑造成卡曼一个作家的影响
卡曼得到教育在弗雷德里克顿学院和纽布伦斯威克大学（UNB），在那里他获得了学士学位，在1881。当他在大学学校接受教育时，校长在文学上影响了他，并使他将自己埋葬在文学的天堂。校长还把他介绍给了罗塞蒂加布里埃尔和查尔斯斯温伯恩阿尔杰农的诗歌。1879、卡门在UNB每月出版了他的第一部。
他的父亲和他的母亲去世后，卡门由哈佛大学1886中录取，学了一年有。在哈佛，他成了一个文学界的一员。这个圈子包括美国诗人李察霍维谁与他合写vagabondia诗歌系列、赫伯特Copeland和F.荷兰天，谁是波士顿出版公司的创始人和Copeland和天帮他出版vagabondia。[ 3 ]

Bliss Carman, a Canadian poet, lived most of his life in the United States, where he achieved international fame. He was recognized as Canada's poet laureate and one of the Confederation Poets.

The influences that shaped Carman into a writer
Carman got education at the Fredericton Collegiate School and the University of New Brunswick (UNB), where he earned a B.A. in 1881. When he got educated at the Collegiate School, his headmaster influenced him a lot in literature and led him to bury himself into the heaven of literature. The headmaster also introduced him to the poetry of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Algernon Charles Swinburne. In 1879, Carman published his first work in the UNB Monthly. 

After the death of his father and his mother, Carman was admitted by Harvard University in 1886 and spent one year studying there. At Harvard, he became a member of a literary circle. This circle consisted of American poet Richard Hovey who collaborated with him to writeVagabondia poetry series, and Herbert Copeland and F. Holland Day, who was the founder of the Boston publishing firm Copeland & Day and helped him to publishVagabondia.[3]

It is also said that much of Carman’s worksfollowed after those of Sappho at the beginning, which made his poetry so popular. 

In the journey of becoming a writer, there was another person that helps him a lot with his courage and economy. It was Mary Perry King. In 1896, they met with each other. Since then, she became an angle in his life who gave him a lot of warmth and comfort in his psychology: when he struck bottom, she just stood beside him and encourage him to fight against the challenges. And he seldom got income from his works. Fortunately, Mrs. King became his patron: giving him clothes and food. It was the greatest and long-lasting female’s influence that encouraged him to go on his writing journey.

The impact of his works on audiences
In 1894, Songs of Vagabondia, the first work that Carman collaborated with Hovey, was published by Copeland & Day. Very soon, the work went popular among their audiences, especially among college students who very agreed with the work’s themes of anti-materialistic andpro-freedom. Looking back to the history background in Canada in the 1890s, it can be informed that people at that time suffered a lot in physical, psychological, and spiritual condition by urban modernity. Inspired from Carman’s work, they got encouraged to pursue their mind- body- spirit harmonization. Therefore,it is fair to say that Carman saved a generation of people in his time.

Carman’s philosophy of what writing and literature does
Previously, it is mentioned that Carman’s works advocated freedom, which achieved great echo among people. Here, Freedom means getting liberation both in mind and body, wiping out materialism which was brought about by urban modernization stress. That is the core value of Carman’s philosophy of what writing and literature does. This philosophy was named “unitrinianism” which was based on the theories of François-Alexandre-Nicolas-ChériDelsarte.

Carman’s preferred styles and themes
In the first paragraph, it is stated that Carman was one of Confederation Poets. The group came into being from the 1890s to the 1920s. It engaged in description in classical and realistic forms, exploration of creative writing methods and examination of the relationships between human and nature as well as modernization.. Besides, in the period of Victoria,British literature was considered as the world class.At that time, the literary world was characterized by the late Victorian literature. Like other fellows, The Confederation Poets also followed after the tradition of the great model in the literary field; and like most in that tradition, they were greatest influenced by the Romantics.
Frye once had given comments on these poets: they were just like painters who were lyrical in tone and romantic in attitude, and they looked for the secret landscape in the literary world.

My own reaction to the author’s writing style and themes
After the research, what impressed me most is that Carman’s works focused on examination the relationship between human being and nature as well as modernization, which showed that he really paid attention to true feeling of his audiences. It is why his works created positive impacts on his audiences: pursue their love for freedom and hate for materialism. In my opinion, he saved people’s soul. I think I should call him as the soul doctor, not only as a writer. He lived up to people expectation on him and was worth becoming a member of the Confederation Poets.

Homage
In this task, I would like to pay tributes to one of Confederation Poets. He is Archibald Lampman. He had been recognized as “the Canadian Keats”.The Canadian Encyclopedia says that he wasrecognizedas the most outstanding Canada's poet in the late 19th century." In order to express my admiration for him, I would like to write in the form of opinion essay, which is the easiest and the most rational way for me to take.
His poetry mostly described the subjects in nature, showing his love and awe for nature
He aimed to write poems that was inspiring in content, and was able to reflect the real beauty in life and unveil social evils objectively, which showed that he had a keen insight into life and a critical thinking way, and paid attention to creating positive social effects. Meanwhile, the expression in his poems had graceful rhythm and was easy to understand for ordinary people. The above characteristics are rarely owned by other poets. 
Among all his poems, the best seller may be The City of the End of Things which was featured by his love for nature and critical stance toward the urban modernization and social phenomena. In this poem, he appeared to be an outspoken critic who had a rational insight absent in his fellows.

In his life, he had achieved a lot of acclamations. For example, Malcolm Ross, once admired Lampman in this way: it is fair and reasonable to metaphorLampman as a photographer at that time for he can reflect the social phenomena clearly with his writing tool which can be considered as a camera. With Scott (and more completely than Scott), he has, in a full-round way, realized the responsibilities that a writer should shoulder in his place and his time. Like Roberts (and more comprehensively than Roberts), he looked into the ideas that are inspiring for him, influencing every detail of his thought. Every idea potentially reflects the substance of a 'clearer self.' Even the landscapes in his works can be treated as a symbol of the deep, interior processes of the self." For me, the words is the best and the most suitable ones to pay tributes to Lampman’s writing style. 

Reflection
I came across some difficulties in writing this paper. For example, the most difficult thing in completing the whole task was to find the needed information. In the sea of information on the Internet, I almost went crazy. There was so many related and unrelated information that I can’t decide what I should put into use. Before beginning to write my paper, I read many articles that gave remarks on the writer I looked into. However, all the articles wrote in different angles and different expressions, which made me confused about the writer’s theme and styles. To understand the real theme and styles of the writer, I started to read some famous works of the writer. In this process, I not only calmed down my fickleness, but also got a full-round understanding about the writer. From this experience, I realize that researching by oneself is a good way to learn something though he or she has to go through a hardship both in his mind and psychology, just as the saying goes: “no pains, no gains”.