铝粉的表面改性及其在含能材料中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 02:37

  本文关键词： 铝粉表面改性 片状铝粉 氧化反应活性 热分解特性 感度 爆热　出处：《南京理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：铝粉来源广泛,价格低廉,在发生氧化的过程中会放出大量的热,因此作为能量添加剂被广泛的应用在铝热剂、推进剂及火炸药中,以此来提高炸药及推进剂体系的能量。但铝粉在实际应用中也存在能量释放率以及燃烧速率相对较低的问题,因此对铝粉表面改性来提高其应用效果是很有必要。本文主要研究内容如下:首先,采用软化学的方法以硝化棉(NC)和三硝基甲苯(TNT)为包覆剂,对工业球形铝粉(d_(50)=13.960μm)进行包覆,以及采用机械化学法对铝粉进行改性包覆,并通过场发射扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、微米粒度分析仪、TG-DSC热分析仪等仪器对制备的复合粒子进行了表征。通过对比发现采用机械化学法改性铝粉性能最佳,具有较高的热反应特性,且能大量制备,适合工业化应用。其次,采用01-HDDM型搅拌式球磨机对原料铝粉进行球磨改性,研究了机械化学法制备高活性片状铝粉的工艺,球料比、助磨剂、溶剂、转速以及干燥方式对球磨改性效果都有影响,通过实验摸索,确定了以上实验参数。SEM和粒度表征表明:铝粉呈片状化,粒度分布均匀;XRD表征表明:球磨工艺并没有改变铝粉的晶型,仅是微观形貌上的改变;TG-DSC热分析仪表征发现:球磨后得到的片状铝粉具有较高的氧化反应活性,在升温过程中铝粉能彻底氧化,放出较多的热量,将其应用在炸药及推进剂体系中能提高体系的爆热。最后,用直接法制备出A-IX-Ⅱ(76RDX/4石蜡/20Al)型含铝炸药,对其形貌、热分解特性、撞击感度、摩擦感度以及爆热进行研究。结果表明,原料铝粉所组成的含铝炸药(Alex1)表观活化能为113.3KJ·mol~(-1),片状铝粉所组成的含铝炸药(Alex2)表观活化能为122.9 kJ·mol~(-1),表观活化能升高了8.5%,但Alex2体系相比于Alex1体系表现出更好的热稳定性;片状铝粉的加入使撞击感度升高9.1%,摩擦感度降低了 24%;Alex2爆热值为7246 kJ·kg~(-1),相比于Alex1爆热值6805 kJ·kg~(-1)有了较大幅度的提高,增幅为6.48%,极大地提高了体系的爆热,大大增加了体系的能量。
[Abstract]:Aluminum powder is widely used as energy additive in aluminothermic agents, propellants and explosives because of its wide range of sources and low cost, and it will give off a lot of heat during the process of oxidation. In order to improve the energy of explosive and propellant system, however, the energy release rate and combustion rate of aluminum powder are relatively low in practical application. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the application effect by surface modification of aluminum powder. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, nitrocellulose (NCN) and trinitrotoluene (TNT) were used as coating agents by softening method. The industrial spherical aluminum powder was coated with 13.960 渭 m, and the aluminum powder was modified by mechanochemical method. The coating was carried out by field emission scanning electron microscope and infrared spectrometer. The composite particles were characterized by micrometer particle size analyzer and TG-DSC calorimeter. It was found that the modified aluminum powder by mechanochemical method had the best properties and had higher thermal reaction characteristics. And it can be prepared in large quantities, suitable for industrial application. Secondly, using 01-HDDM mixing ball mill to modify the raw aluminum powder, the preparation process of high active flake aluminum powder by mechanochemical method was studied. The ratio of ball to material, grinding aid, solvent, rotation speed and drying method all have effects on the modification effect of ball milling. The above experimental parameters, SEM and particle size characterization show that aluminum powder is flake. The particle size distribution is uniform; The results of XRD show that the milling process does not change the crystal shape of aluminum powder, but only changes the microstructure of aluminum powder. The results of TG-DSC thermal analyzer showed that the flake aluminum powder obtained by ball milling had high oxidation activity, and the aluminum powder could be oxidized thoroughly during the heating process, giving off more heat. Finally, A-IX- 鈪，

本文编号：1475056