变质量动力吸振器的控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 14:39

本文关键词： 吸振器振动控制遗传算法变质量 PID　出处：《长安大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：机械振动不仅会导致机器本身的性能和可靠性降低,而且会对人体造成损害,同时也是噪声公害的原因,是一个非常重要的课题,而动力吸振器是工程实际中最常用的减振设备。其实现是将一个由质量-阻尼-弹簧构成的附加系统安装在振动系统上,改变附加系统的固有频率,使主振系统的振动能量向吸振器上移动,以此削弱主振系统振动幅度。本文研究了一种基于变质量的新型动力吸振器,通过对吸振器质量的控制,使得吸振器固有频率与外界激振频率一致,实现主振系统振幅衰减的目的。论文的主要工作和研究成果如下:为了研究变质量吸振器的实现方法,首先介绍了目前实现变质量的两种方法,一种是利用磁铁吸附磁粉改变吸振器质量,另一种是在吸振器两侧安装不同质量块,通过切换质量块变质量的方法,最后提出了本文变质量吸振器的实现方法和具体的实现设计,搭建了由主振系统、吸振器、采集模块、控制器以及执行机构组成的变质量动力吸振器的控制实验台。为了研究动力吸振器的减振原理,首先分析了无阻尼和有阻尼动力吸振器的吸振原理,讨论了影响吸振器减振的因素和抑制振动基本原理。在此基础上,建立了基于变质量动力吸振器数学模型,并且研究了其吸振特性,为实现变质量动力吸振器提供了理论基础为了研究吸振器变质量系统的整体特性,对提供和输送液体的蠕动泵—软管系统的模型进行了实验分析研究。结合管道建模方法和软管的特点,采用实验方法建立了蠕动泵—软管传递函数模型,为实现变质量吸振器的有效控制奠定了基础。为了获得理想的吸振控制效果,以主振系统的位移为控制目标,采用PID闭环控制策略,对变质量动力吸振器控制系统进行了仿真研究。研究了基于遗传算法的PID参数整定方法,并采用遗传算法对PID参数优化,改善了吸振器的控制效果。实验结果表明:通过控制算法可以有效的减小主振系统的振幅强度,使系统具有较好的动态性能。
[Abstract]:Mechanical vibration will not only reduce the performance and reliability of the machine itself, but also cause damage to the human body, but also the noise pollution, is a very important topic, and the dynamic vibration absorber is the most commonly used vibration equipment engineering. Its implementation is an additional mass damper spring system which is installed in the vibration system, changing the natural frequency of the vibration energy of the additional system, the main vibration absorber system to move on, to weaken the vibration amplitude of the main vibration system. The paper presents a new kind of dynamic vibration absorber based on variable mass, through control of the quality of the absorber, absorber the inherent frequency and the frequency, to achieve the main vibration amplitude attenuation system. The main work and research results are as follows: in order to study the variable mass absorber realization method, firstly introduces the realization of metamorphism Two kinds of methods, one is the use of magnets magnetic absorber mass change, the other is in the vibration absorber is installed on both sides of different mass method, quality by switching the quality block, finally puts forward the design method and Realization of variable mass concrete vibration absorber, built by the main vibration system, vibration absorber, acquisition module, power control, variable mass actuator vibration absorber control platform. In order to study the vibration principle of dynamic vibration absorber, firstly analyzes the undamped vibration absorbers and principle of dynamic vibration absorber, the influence factors of vibration absorbers and suppression the basic principle of vibration is discussed. Based on the established mathematical model of vibration absorbing power based on variable quality, and study its vibration characteristics, the quality of the dynamic vibration absorber provides a theoretical basis for the whole research of vibration absorber system for variable mass and variable Characteristics of peristaltic pump and hose - system provides liquid transportation model is studied. Experimental analysis combined with the characteristics of pipeline modeling method and hose, a peristaltic pump hose - transfer function model by the experimental methods for the realization of the basic foundation of effective control of variable quality vibration absorber to vibration control effect is obtained. The ideal, with displacement of main vibration system as the control target, the PID closed loop control strategy, the simulation study on variable mass dynamic vibration absorber control system. The PID parameters tuning method based on genetic algorithm, the genetic algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of the PID, improve the control effect of vibration absorber. The experimental results show that the algorithm can reduce the amplitude by controlling the main vibration system effectively, so the system has good dynamic performance.

【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TB535.1

【参考文献】