氧化石墨烯基复合纳米纤维膜的制备及应用

发布时间：2018-02-12 17:47

本文关键词： 半导体光催化氧化石墨烯金纳米颗粒电极硫化锌钴酸锌　出处：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：环境污染越来越严重,可利用能源越来越少等问题已经成为当下全球性最为显著的问题。因此寻求简单高效的环境治理方法,开发新型能源材料成为现代科学家们研究的热点。半导体光催化剂由于其独特的性能在治理环境方面展示出了巨大的潜能,一般的半导体光催化剂具有较宽的能带,需要很强的光能量才能够激发。为了更好的利用光能源,研究可以被更多波长光激发的光催化剂成为众多学者的研究目标。另外,目前的光催化剂一般是粉末状的,有的甚至是纳米级级别。由于光催化剂的粒径太小,比表面能大,导致光催化剂在使用过程中容易聚集,使得光催化剂利用率不高,重复使用性能差。目前研究出的电极材料存在功率密度低,导电性能差,重复使用性能差等缺陷。本论文中主要通过氧化石墨烯基碳材料来制备半导体光催化剂材料和电极材料。具体来说主要分为三个部分内容:1.用简单的抽滤法,将氧化石墨烯(GO)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAA)制备了复合膜(GO/PAA),再在其表面光沉积金纳米粒子形成拥有高柔性的复合膜(GO/PAA/Au)。通过光催化还原对硝基苯酚发现,GO/PAA/Au复合膜大约30分钟将对硝基苯酚(浓度为1.73 mmol/L)完全还原,经5次循环使用后还原能力保持在96%以上。2.通过静电纺丝法制备GO-PAN纤维膜,再经过煅烧生成GO-CNFs复合纳米纤维膜,最后通过溶剂热法得到GO/ZnS-CNFs复合膜。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线电子衍射仪、紫外/可见分光光度计等对样品的形貌、结构及组成进行表征,并通过光催化对甲基苯胺的氧化和光降解无色的苯酚对样品的光催化性能进行评估,发现其在60分钟内能将浓度为0.002 mol/L的对甲基苯胺和浓度为0.001 mol/L的苯酚溶液氧化。3.通过静电纺丝法,溶剂热法和煅烧过程,将3D海胆状ZnCo_2O_4生长在Ag-GO-CNFs上。得到ZnCo_2O_4/Ag-GO-CNFs复合膜,并对样品的形貌,结构进行了分析。通过电化学工作站和蓝电电池测试系统对样品进行电化学性能测试,发现ZnCo_2O_4/Ag-GO-CNFs复合膜比电容在20 mVs~(-1)时为459.48 mAhg~(-1)。
[Abstract]:Environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, and the problems of less and less available energy have become the most prominent problems in the world today. Therefore, we seek simple and efficient methods of environmental governance. The development of new energy materials has become a hot topic for modern scientists. Semiconductor photocatalysts have shown great potential in environmental control because of their unique properties, and general semiconductor photocatalysts have a wide energy band. In order to make better use of the light energy, the study of photocatalysts that can be excited by more wavelengths of light has become the research target of many scholars. In addition, the current photocatalysts are generally powdered. Some are even nanoscale. Because the size of the photocatalyst is too small and the surface energy is larger than the surface energy, the photocatalyst is easy to gather in the process of use, and the utilization rate of the photocatalyst is not high. Low power density and poor conductivity of the electrode materials developed at present. In this thesis, semiconductor photocatalyst materials and electrode materials are prepared by graphene oxide. Specifically, they are divided into three parts: 1. The composite membrane was prepared from graphene oxide (GOO) and polyacrylamide (PAA). Then gold nanoparticles were photodeposited on the surface to form a highly flexible composite membrane. By photocatalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol, it was found that the goo / PAA / Au composite membrane would be prepared for about 30 minutes. Total reduction of p-nitrophenol (1.73 mmol / L), After 5 cycles, the reduction ability was kept above 96%. The GO-PAN fiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning method, then calcined to form GO-CNFs composite nanofiber membrane. Finally, the GO/ZnS-CNFs composite membrane was obtained by solvothermal method. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. The morphology, structure and composition of the samples were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray electron diffractometer (XRD) and ultraviolet / visible spectrophotometer (UV / vis). The photocatalytic properties of the samples were evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of p-methylaniline and photodegradation of colorless phenol. It was found that the p-methylaniline with a concentration of 0.002 mol/L and phenol solution with a concentration of 0.001 mol/L could be oxidized in 60 minutes. Through electrospinning, solvothermal method and calcination process, 3D sea urchin ZnCo_2O_4 was grown on Ag-GO-CNFs. The ZnCo_2O_4/Ag-GO-CNFs composite membrane was obtained. The morphology and structure of the sample were analyzed. The electrochemical performance of the sample was tested by electrochemical workstation and blue cell test system. It was found that the specific capacitance of ZnCo_2O_4/Ag-GO-CNFs composite film was 459.48 mAhg-1 / 1 when the capacitance of the composite film was 20 MV / L.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB383.2;O643.36

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