爆破地震波影响因素及传播机理的研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 17:37

本文关键词： 爆破地震波模型实验数值模拟萨氏公式高程效应　出处：《武汉科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：爆破地震效应是爆破工程中需要严格防范的一种危害，然而由于爆破地震波作用机理的复杂性、传播过程的多样性，导致了研究的困难。本文依据模型实验以及数值模拟技术，在现有理论基础上，对爆破地震波的影响因素及传播规律进行了分析探讨。为全面客观分析爆破地震波的特性，本文研究了三个不同的模型实验：通过正方体模型实验，观测鼓包运动过程，并根据装药参数的变化和监测数据分析证明双源传播机理的正确性，，归纳出爆破地震波的产生原因；通过长方体模型实验，研究装药参数对爆破地震波传播的影响，并拟合出爆破地震波在模型实验中的振动速度衰减情况；通过高程台阶模型研究高程变化对地震波传播的影响，分析拟合出适合高程变化的振动速度传播公式。在模型实验基础上，利用有限元分析软件与实验结果进行了对比，主要得出了如下结论：萨氏公式在计算爆破近区的振动速度时存在较大误差；装药的埋深以及装药结构都会对爆破地震波的传播规律产生较大影响；通过萨氏公式计算振动速度时需要考虑药包埋深的影响，应当在公式中加入影响因子h；引起高程放大效应的主要因素是爆破的第二个源，相同台阶面振动速度的衰减规律可以用“鞭梢效应”来解释；考虑高程效应时，萨氏公式不再适用，本文利用线性回归得出了最佳的计算公式。本文在总结相关结论的同时，也分析指出了模型实验存在的问题以及注意事项，为以后进一步的研究提供参考。
[Abstract]:Blasting seismic effect is a kind of hazard that should be strictly prevented in blasting engineering. However, because of the complexity of blasting seismic wave action mechanism and the diversity of propagation process, it is difficult to study. On the basis of existing theories, the influencing factors and propagation law of blasting seismic wave are analyzed and discussed. In order to analyze the characteristics of blasting seismic wave comprehensively and objectively, three different model experiments have been studied in this paper: through the cuboid model experiment, the motion process of the bulge is observed. According to the change of charge parameters and the analysis of monitoring data, the cause of blasting seismic wave is concluded, and the influence of charge parameters on the propagation of blasting seismic wave is studied by cuboid model experiment. The attenuation of vibration velocity of blasting seismic wave in the model experiment is fitted, and the influence of height variation on the propagation of seismic wave is studied by using the elevation step model. On the basis of the model experiment, the finite element analysis software is used to compare the results with the experimental results. The main conclusions are as follows:. There is a great error in calculating the vibration velocity near the blasting area by Saarman's formula, and the depth of charge and charge structure will have a great influence on the propagation of blasting seismic wave. The influence of the depth of charge entrainment should be taken into account in the calculation of vibration velocity by Saarland formula, and the influence factor h should be added to the formula, and the second source of blasting is the main factor that causes the effect of height amplification. The attenuation law of the vibration velocity of the same step surface can be explained by the "whipping effect", and when the height effect is considered, the Sardahl formula is no longer applicable. In this paper, the best formula is obtained by linear regression. At the same time, the problems in the model experiment and the points for attention are analyzed and pointed out in this paper, which provides a reference for further research.
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P315;TB41

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