纵扭共振旋转超声加工碳纤维复合材料的研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 19:00

本文关键词： 碳纤维复合材料纵扭共振模态分析超声铣削切削机理　出处：《集美大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：碳纤维复合材料现在被广泛的应用于航天航空、交通工具、体育器械、纺织及医学等领域。由于其特殊结构和物理性质，传统加工方法无法满足其加工需求。而旋转超声加工具有很强的工艺优势，能很好地解决难加工材料的零件加工问题，提高加工效率和表面质量。但是目前其加工多采用单一纵向振动模式，所需加工转速高，纤维材料加工表面还会出现部分毛刺、分层和凹坑等缺陷，刀具存在一定量的磨损，磨削中对磨粒粒度要求较高，周铣和孔加工的内壁表面质量较差，这都限制了其加工领域和形式。本文以“纵扭共振旋转超声加工碳纤维复合材料的研究”为课题，采用两种复合振动输出的加工模式，从理论和试验两个方面，对纵扭共振旋转超声加工系统和铣削加工复合材料中的关键问题进行深入研究，其主要内容和成果如下： (1)介绍碳纤维复合材料加工和超声加工技术的研究现状，分析其中的不足。设计超声换能器振子和斜槽传振杆，，并进行模态分析，优化其结构尺寸，提高其扭振输出振幅。 (2)根据理论设计夹心式压电换能器，利用有限元软件对未加螺栓的换能器和加两种不同材料螺栓的换能器进行模态仿真，并使用阻抗测试仪对换能器相关振动特性进行测试和分析，选取合适材料的螺栓对换能器进行预紧。 (3)以金属切削原理和超声振动加工的冲击特性为基础，根据流体动压理论和摩擦学原理，建立刀具与工件间的简单几何模型。推导了简单动压几何模型下前后刀面的动压方程，分析了动压油膜对刀具和工件加工表面的影响。研究超声振动加工下周期性断续微观切削碳纤维复合材料的动压作用机理，阐述刀具磨损后继续再加工危害的原因，进行超声振动加工试验研究。 (4)建立超声端铣碳纤维复合材料模型，分析两种角度下端铣碳纤维复合材料机理，采用纵扭共振旋转超声端铣和普通端铣方式对碳纤维复合材料进行试验研究。对比不同角度下的碳纤维复合材料超声切削机理和普通切削机理，分析超声切削下提高表面质量和减少刀具磨损原因，进行碳纤维复合材料的纵扭共振旋转超声铣削和普通铣削对比试验。 (5)对碳纤维复合材料的纵扭共振旋转超声铣削工艺进行试验研究，包括端铣和周铣正交试验，切削液对超声铣削效果的影响，以及不同切削角度下的超声铣削对比。
[Abstract]:Carbon fiber composites are now widely used in aerospace, transportation, sports equipment, textiles and medicine, etc. Due to their special structure and physical properties, The traditional machining method can not meet its processing demand, and the rotary ultrasonic machining has a strong technological advantage, which can solve the problem of parts processing of difficult to be machined. The machining efficiency and surface quality are improved. However, at present, the machining adopts a single longitudinal vibration mode, the machining speed required is high, and some defects such as burr, delamination and pit will appear on the surface of the fiber material, and there is a certain amount of wear and tear on the cutting tool. In grinding, the grain size of abrasive particles is very high, and the surface quality of inner wall in the machining of circular milling and hole is poor, which limits its processing field and form. In this paper, "the study of longitudinal and torsional resonance ultrasonic machining of carbon fiber composites", two kinds of machining modes of compound vibration output are adopted, from two aspects of theory and experiment. The key problems of longitudinal and torsional resonance rotary ultrasonic machining system and milling composites are studied. The main contents and results are as follows:. This paper introduces the research status of carbon fiber composite material machining and ultrasonic machining technology, analyzes the shortcomings, designs ultrasonic transducer vibrator and skew slot vibration transmission rod, carries on modal analysis, optimizes its structure size, and increases its torsional vibration output amplitude. (2) the sandwich piezoelectric transducer is designed according to the theory. The modal simulation of the transducer without bolt and the transducer with two different materials is carried out by using finite element software. The related vibration characteristics of the transducer are tested and analyzed by using the impedance tester, and the bolts of suitable material are selected to pretighten the transducer. Based on the principle of metal cutting and the impact characteristics of ultrasonic vibration machining, a simple geometric model between cutting tool and workpiece is established according to hydrodynamic pressure theory and tribology principle. The effect of dynamic pressure oil film on the cutting surface of cutting tools and workpieces is analyzed. The mechanism of dynamic pressure of periodically intermittent micro cutting carbon fiber composites under ultrasonic vibration machining is studied. Ultrasonic vibration machining test was carried out. The model of ultrasonic end milling carbon fiber composites is established, and the mechanism of two kinds of lower end milling carbon fiber composites is analyzed. The experimental study on carbon fiber composites was carried out by means of longitudinal and torsional resonance rotary ultrasonic end milling and common end milling. The ultrasonic cutting mechanism and the common cutting mechanism of carbon fiber composites at different angles were compared. By analyzing the reasons of improving surface quality and reducing tool wear under ultrasonic cutting, a comparative experiment of longitudinal and torsional resonance rotary ultrasonic milling and conventional milling of carbon fiber composites was carried out. The experimental study on the longitudinal and torsional resonance rotary ultrasonic milling technology of carbon fiber composites is carried out, including the orthogonal test of end milling and circular milling, the effect of cutting fluid on ultrasonic milling effect, and the comparison of ultrasonic milling at different cutting angles.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB332;TB559

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