多级结构光阳极薄膜的制备及表征

发布时间：2018-02-27 15:18

本文关键词： 染料敏化太阳能电池二氧化钛纳米棒复合薄膜　出处：《哈尔滨理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在众多类型的太阳能电池中，染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）以其原材料来源丰富，制作工艺简单，及其超低的成本等特点得到快速发展，成为各国新能源研究方向的热点。但是，这种电池本身还存在很多问题，，有待于我们进一步的研究。由于纳米棒、纳米管及纳米线等一维结构具有较大的长径比而能定向传输电子，降低了光生电子与空穴复合的几率，能有效提高了光生电子的利用率，继而达到提高DSSC光电转换效率的目的。本文通过溶胶-凝胶法、水热法分别合成纳米TiO_2溶胶和TiO_2纳米棒粉体。采用有机高分子分散剂（PVA）作为分散剂获得镀膜用溶胶，采用电流体动力学（electro-hydrodynamic, EHD）法制备了具有多孔结构的纳米TiO_2薄膜及TiO_2纳米棒复合薄膜。并利用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、扫描电镜（SEM）对所得粉体和薄膜进行结构表征。将制备薄膜通过N3染料敏化、离子液体电解质及铂对电极组装电池，进行光电性能测试。水热法合成锐钛矿型TiO_2纳米颗粒，粒径为20nm左右，粒度均匀且结晶程度完整。水热法成功合成锐钛矿型TiO_2纳米棒，直径为20~30nm，长度约为100~300nm。EHD技术制备的纳米TiO_2薄膜及复合薄膜中具有从纳米级到微米级连续尺寸分布孔隙结构，呈多孔状态。复合薄膜中TiO_2纳米棒的分布均匀。在光照强度为AM1.5条件下，含量为20%的TiO_2纳米棒的复合薄膜组装的DSSC获得了光电转化效率达6.40%，相对于纳米TiO_2薄膜（5.0%）光电转换效率提高了28%。
[Abstract]:Among many kinds of solar cells, Dye-sensitized Solar cells (DSSCs) have been developed rapidly because of their rich raw materials, simple manufacturing process and ultra-low cost. However, Dye sensitized solar cells have become a hot spot in the field of new energy research in many countries. There are still many problems in this kind of battery, which need to be further studied. Because the one-dimensional structure such as nanorods, nanotubes and nanowires have a large aspect ratio and can transport electrons directionally, the probability of recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes is reduced. The efficiency of photoelectron conversion can be improved effectively and the efficiency of photovoltaic conversion of DSSC can be improved. In this paper, nanometer TiO_2 sol and TiO_2 nanorod powder were synthesized by sol-gel method and hydrothermal method respectively. Nano-sized TiO_2 thin films with porous structure and TiO_2 nanorod composite films were prepared by electro-hydrodynamic electrohydrodynamic (EHD) method. The powders and films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The film was sensitized by N _ 3 dye. Ionic liquid electrolyte and platinum electrode were assembled to test the photoelectric performance of the battery. Anatase TiO_2 nanocrystals were synthesized by hydrothermal method, the particle size was about 20nm, the particle size was uniform and the degree of crystallization was complete. The anatase TiO_2 nanorods were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. Nanocrystalline TiO_2 thin films and composite films with a diameter of 20 ~ 30 nm and length of about 100 ~ 300nm.EHD have a continuous size distribution pore structure from nanometer to micron. The distribution of TiO_2 nanorods in the composite film is uniform. When the illumination intensity is AM1.5, The optoelectronic conversion efficiency of DSSC assembled by TiO_2 nanorod composite film with 20% content is 6.40, which is 28% higher than that of nanometer TiO_2 film (5.0%).
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.4;TB383.2

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