超流体干涉陀螺系统与噪声抑制研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 00:00

本文关键词： 超流体干涉陀螺交流约瑟夫森效应估计滤波的角速度信息提取幅值锁定超流体干涉陀螺噪声　出处：《南京航空航天大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：超流体陀螺是基于超流氦低温物理性质的新型陀螺，其中基于物质波干涉的超流体干涉陀螺具有明显的技术优势，因而成为当前超流体陀螺的主要研究方向。目前超流体干涉陀螺经过长期的研究已经取得了一定的研究成果，但是还存在一些关键性问题亟待解决。本文针对热相移注入实时性、噪声来源和噪声抑制方案展开了深入研究。论文首先研究陀螺的工作介质——超流氦的基本物理特性和超流氦干涉的基本原理——交流约瑟夫森效应，同时以美国伯克利分校Packard小组实验中的陀螺为原型，详细研究了超流体干涉陀螺各环节的工作原理，并且建立了相应的数学模型，，为后续的研究做了相应的理论准备，同时也提出了可能存在的关键问题。通过对超流体干涉陀螺系统中热相移注入原理的研究，表明热相移的注入具有一定的滞后特性。为保证热相移注入的实时性，论文采用了基于Fuzzy-PID的控制系统实现对热相移注入的控制，同时仿真对比了加入控制器前后超流体干涉陀螺的输出特性。仿真结果表明该控制器的加入能够有效改善热相移注入惯性对超流体干涉陀螺解算误差的影响，提高了超流体陀螺的测量精度。噪声是影响超流体干涉陀螺输出精度的关键因素之一，论文研究了陀螺各环节中可能存在的噪声来源，分析总结了相关的噪声特性，指出基于数值分析的角速度信息提取方法并不适合噪声条件下的角速度信息的提取。论文提出了对超流体物质波相位噪声和薄膜位移的检测噪声采用了基于EKF滤波的方法进行抑制和角速度信息的提取，仿真结果表明基于EKF滤波估计的角速度信息提取方法能够减小上述两种噪声对陀螺输出的影响。为更好的对超流体干涉陀螺系统和噪声抑制方案进行研究，论文搭建了基于PCPC104的半物理仿真平台，并利用该平台对加入Fuzzy-PID控制器的陀螺系统和采用EKF滤波估计的角速度信息提取方案进行了综合性的仿真分析。综合仿真输出结果表明，虽然控制器的加入一定程度上放大噪声的影响，但是本文提出的基于EKF滤波的角速度信息提取方案对陀螺输出特性的改善和噪声的抑制依然有效。
[Abstract]:Superfluid gyroscope is a new type of gyroscope based on the physical properties of superfluid helium at low temperature. Therefore, it has become the main research direction of superfluid gyroscope. At present, the superfluid interference gyroscope has made some achievements after a long period of research. However, there are still some key problems to be solved. In this paper, the real-time performance of thermal phase shift injection, the source of noise and the scheme of noise suppression are studied. In this paper, the basic physical properties of superfluid helium and the basic principle of superfluid helium interference, the AC Josephson effect, are studied firstly. The gyroscope in the Packard team experiment at Berkeley, USA, is used as the prototype. The working principle of the superfluid interference gyroscope is studied in detail, and the corresponding mathematical model is established. The corresponding theoretical preparation is made for the subsequent research, and the possible key problems are also put forward. By studying the principle of thermal phase shift injection in superfluid interferometric gyroscope system, it is shown that the thermal phase shift injection has some hysteresis characteristics. In this paper, the control system based on Fuzzy-PID is used to realize the control of thermal phase shift injection. At the same time, the output characteristics of the superfluid interference gyroscope before and after adding the controller are simulated and compared. The simulation results show that the controller can effectively improve the influence of the thermal phase shift injection inertia on the calculation error of the superfluid interference gyroscope. The measurement accuracy of superfluid gyroscope is improved. Noise is one of the key factors affecting the output accuracy of superfluid interference gyroscope. It is pointed out that the method of extracting angular velocity information based on numerical analysis is not suitable for the extraction of angular velocity information under noise condition. In this paper, the detection noise of wave phase noise and film displacement of superfluid matter based on EKF filter is proposed. The method of wave suppression and the extraction of angular velocity information, The simulation results show that the method of extracting angular velocity information based on EKF filter can reduce the influence of the above two kinds of noise on the gyroscope output. In order to better study the superfluid interference gyroscope system and noise suppression scheme, a semi-physical simulation platform based on PCPC104 is built in this paper. By using this platform, the gyroscope system with Fuzzy-PID controller and the scheme of extracting angular velocity information estimated by EKF filter are comprehensively simulated and analyzed. The synthetic simulation results show that, Although the controller can amplify the effect of noise to a certain extent, the scheme of extracting angular velocity information based on EKF filter is still effective to improve the output characteristics of gyroscope and suppress the noise.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：V241.5;TB535

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