BTA深孔钻削系统中钻杆扭转振动及减振技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 22:24

本文选题：深孔钻削　切入点：钻杆　出处：《中北大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在机械制造行业，尤其是重型机械行业中，深孔加工的地位是非常重要的。在深孔钻削加工中，由于钻杆又细又长，振动对加工精度、切削效率以及刀具耐用度都影响很大。钻杆扭转振动产生的原因主要有工件材质不均和钻杆抗扭刚度较弱。深孔钻削中，扭转振动比较常见且在深孔加工过程中危害较大，但目前还没有很好的解决方案。本文是在前人所做工作的基础上，研究BTA深孔钻削系统中钻杆扭转振动及采用的减振技术，为处于加工过程中钻杆的扭振减振提供理论基础，，具有重要的实践指导意义。首先，综合考虑了切削液和切屑对钻杆扭振的影响，建立钻杆扭振运动模型，再根据建立的模型以及弹性力学、材料力学、流体润滑理论建立运动方程，从而计算出钻杆扭转振动的固有频率及主振型函数。其次，研究了附加动力减振器之后的钻杆系统。根据深孔加工的特点和加工现场的实际情况，建立深孔钻削系统附加动力减振器后的模型以及运动方程，并分析得到动力放大因子和减振系数的解析式。再次，根据加工过程中钻杆振动的情况，有选择的设计动力减振器，并根据实际所提出的减振要求，提出相应的目标函数，对动力减振器各项参数进行优化，使得在结构设计阶段，通过选取适当的阻尼和刚度材料，使动力减振器在工作过程中减振效果最佳。然后，对动力减振器的减振装置进行结构设计并介绍了动力减振器在BTA深孔钻床上的安装位置。最后对一加工实例，利用前述模型和优化后的参数做了仿真分析，以验证优化设计的动力减振器的减振效果，结果表明，优化后的动力减振器减振效果良好，对扭振的消除起到很好的作用。
[Abstract]:The position of deep hole machining is very important in the mechanical manufacturing industry, especially in the heavy machinery industry. In deep hole drilling, because the drill pipe is thin and long, vibration affects the machining accuracy. Cutting efficiency and tool life are very important. The main causes of torsional vibration of drill pipe are uneven material of workpiece and weak torsional stiffness of drill pipe. In deep hole drilling, torsional vibration is common and harmful in deep hole machining. But there is no good solution yet. On the basis of the previous work, this paper studies the torsional vibration of drill pipe and its damping technology in BTA deep hole drilling system, which provides a theoretical basis for the torsional vibration reduction of drill pipe in the process of machining. It has important practical significance. Firstly, considering the influence of cutting fluid and chip on the torsional vibration of drill pipe, the model of torsional vibration of drill pipe is established, and then according to the established model, elastic mechanics, material mechanics, The fluid lubrication theory establishes the motion equation, so as to calculate the natural frequency and the main mode function of the torsional vibration of the drill pipe. Secondly, the drilling pipe system after adding the dynamic shock absorber is studied. According to the characteristics of the deep hole machining and the actual condition of the machining field, The model and equation of motion after adding dynamic shock absorber to deep hole drilling system are established, and the analytical expressions of dynamic amplification factor and damping coefficient are obtained. Thirdly, according to the vibration of drill pipe in machining process, the dynamic shock absorber is designed selectively. According to the actual vibration absorption requirements, the corresponding objective function is put forward to optimize the parameters of the dynamic shock absorber, so that in the stage of structural design, appropriate damping and stiffness materials are selected. The vibration absorber is optimized in the working process. Then, the structure of the damper is designed and the installation position of the dynamic damper on the BTA deep hole drilling machine is introduced. Finally, a machining example is given. The model and the optimized parameters are used to verify the damping effect of the optimized dynamic shock absorber. The results show that the optimized dynamic damper has a good effect on the elimination of torsional vibration.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TG52;TB535

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