生物质缓冲包装材料配伍成型及模具开发

发布时间：2018-03-09 10:22

本文选题：生物质缓冲包装材料　切入点：材料配伍　出处：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生物质全降解包装材料以植物纤维、淀粉为主料并添加一定的辅料通过特殊工艺制备而成,具有原料来源广、成本低廉、全生命周期环境无污染等优点,属于一种新型的绿色环保包装材料,被认为是取代目前塑料类、纸浆模塑类等缓冲包装材料的理想替代品,其成分配伍、成型工艺等相关研究一直是国内外学者研究的热点和难点。目前制约产业发展的两大关键问题是：第一,增加纤维含量,可降低成本,提高制品力学性能,但同时也会导致浆料流变性降低,不仅影响浆料的输送注射,发泡成型的合格率也将受到影响；第二,为获得更理想的微观结构、提高制品缓冲性能,要求对生物质材料的浆料成型过程精确控制,这给相关机理的研究带来了更高的要求。针对以上瓶颈问题,本文从浆料配伍、浆料流变性及成型特性、模具开发三个方面进行了研究。首先是浆料配伍的进一步优化：针对制品材料的主要原材料如纤维、淀粉、水、填料等,分析了其在材料成型过程中的理化反应机理及在材料制品理化性能中所承担的作用,并以此为基础优化了配伍中的材料配方及相关配料工艺,如纤维的碱化洗水处理,淀粉的塑化控制,填料的种类替换,减水工艺的开发等。在逐步提高制品性能的基础上,通过对配伍的优化改良研究,充实了课题的理论基础,提高了材料的成型效率与成型稳定性。其次是缓冲包装材料制备过程中浆料流变性及成型特性的研究：本文将生物质缓冲包装材料的制备过程划分为浆料阶段、发泡成型阶段、产品及后续加工阶段三个阶段。浆料阶段,本文结合具体的生产工艺条件研究了浆料在管道输送阶段的流变特性,为后续输料方式、输料设备的开发以及配方的混配优化提供了理论支持；发泡成型阶段分析了材料的型腔流动特点,通过型腔内的成型占比正交实验,分析了纤维质量比、水质量比、木质素磺酸钠质量比、淀粉质量比等主要因素对浆料的型腔流动特性的影响顺序；产品及后续处理阶段针对产品微观结构、物理性能、成本分析、降解机制等制订了逆向回溯研究方案。最后是新型模具的改良开发：本文根据生物质材料模压发泡的成型特点,总结了其对注塑模具的性能需求并对目前主要使用的相关模具进行了现状调查及缺陷研究；开发了一套新型的叠片嵌套式模具,分析了其的设计方案及相应改良,并根据实际生产使用过程阐述了新型模具的使用效果,最后根据实际生产需求提出了模具的进一步改良方案。本文结合实际生产问题及现有研究基础,主要从生物质缓冲包装材料的浆料配伍、成型过程、模具开发三个方面进行了更深入的研究。新的探索将为配方的改良、工艺的优化、材料性能的提升提供更多的理论依据与技术方案,也将为相应设备的开发及新材料的产业化推广提供更多的支持。
[Abstract]:The total biodegradable packaging material of biomass is made of plant fiber, starch as main material and certain auxiliary materials prepared by special technology. It has the advantages of wide source of raw materials, low cost, no pollution of the whole life cycle environment, and so on. Is a new type of green packaging materials, is considered to replace the current plastic, pulp molding and other cushioning packaging materials ideal substitute, its composition compatible, Molding technology and other related research has been the focus and difficulty of scholars at home and abroad. At present, the two key problems that restrict the development of industry are: first, increasing fiber content can reduce the cost and improve the mechanical properties of the products, but at the same time, it will also lead to the decrease of rheology of the slurry, which not only affects the delivery and injection of the slurry, The qualified rate of foaming molding will also be affected. Secondly, in order to obtain more ideal microstructure and improve the cushioning performance of products, it is necessary to accurately control the slurry molding process of biomass materials. In view of the above bottleneck problems, this paper studies the compatibility of slurry, rheological properties and molding characteristics of slurry, and the development of die. First of all, the further optimization of slurry compatibility: in view of the main raw materials such as fiber, starch, water, filler and so on, the physical and chemical reaction mechanism and the role in the physical and chemical properties of the material products were analyzed. On the basis of this, we optimized the material formula and related ingredients technology in compatibility, such as the alkali washing water treatment of fiber, the plasticizing control of starch, the type replacement of filler, the development of water reducing process, etc. On the basis of improving the properties of the products gradually, By optimizing and improving the compatibility, the theoretical basis of the subject is enriched, and the molding efficiency and stability of the material are improved. Secondly, the rheological properties and molding characteristics of slurry during the preparation of cushioning packaging materials are studied. In this paper, the preparation process of biomass cushioning packaging materials is divided into slurry stage and foaming stage. In this paper, the rheological characteristics of slurry in pipeline transportation stage are studied in combination with specific production process conditions. The development of the feeding equipment and the optimization of the mixing formula provide theoretical support. In the foaming stage, the characteristics of the material flow in the mold cavity are analyzed, and the fiber mass ratio and water mass ratio are analyzed by the orthogonal experiment of the forming ratio in the mold cavity. The influence order of the main factors such as the quality ratio of sodium lignosulfonate and the ratio of starch quality to the flow characteristics of the slurry cavity, the analysis of the microstructure, physical properties and cost of the product, Degradation mechanism and so on developed reverse backtracking research program. Finally, it is the improvement development of the new mould: according to the molding characteristics of the biomass material moulding, this paper summarizes the performance demand of the injection mould, and carries on the present situation investigation and the flaw research to the related mold which is mainly used at present; A new type of laminated nested die is developed, its design scheme and corresponding improvement are analyzed, and the application effect of the new mould is expounded according to the actual production and use process. Finally, according to the actual production needs, the further improvement scheme of the mould is put forward. In this paper, based on the practical production problems and the existing research basis, more in-depth research has been carried out mainly from three aspects: slurry compatibility, molding process and mould development of biomass buffer packaging materials. The new exploration will be the improvement of the formula. The optimization of technology and the improvement of material properties will provide more theoretical basis and technical scheme, and will also provide more support for the development of corresponding equipment and the industrialization of new materials.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB484

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