联合遥感与分布式水文模型估算北京平原区降水入渗补给量

发布时间：2018-03-09 11:21

本文选题：地下水补给　切入点：北京平原区　出处：《首都师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：北京市是重度水资源缺少地区,地下水是北京市的主要水资源来源。大气降水是干旱和半干旱地区的主要地下水补给途径,尤其是在北京地区更加明显,降水对地下水的补给量可达地下水补给总量的50%。随着城市的不断发展,过度的开采及不断恶化的环境严重影响了降水入渗对地下水的补给,因此准确的估算降水对北京地下水的补给对城市的发展至关重要。分布式水文模型WetSpass是一种基于水量平衡的降水入渗量估算模型,它充分的考虑了气候、土壤、土地利用等影响降水入渗的各种因子,可以较准确的描述由于降水对地下水量所引起的变化情况。本文应用该模型,应用相关的气象数据、灌溉数据、土壤数据及土地利用数据估算了2011年北京平原区的地下水垂向补给量,通过验证结果证明模型在研究区有较好的适用性。继而估算了2011年北京平原区降水入渗量,基于此结果模拟研究区入渗系数,内容如下： (1)通过模型模拟的2011年北京平原区平均地下水垂向补给量为291.1mm(17.63×108m3)。通过地下水位动态方法对结果进行验证,该结果与2011年平原区垂向补给量(19.59×108m3)的差值为-2.05×108m3,结果显示,二者具有较好的空间相关性,相关性系数R2=80.6%。验证了模型在研究区有较好适用性。 (2)模拟了2011年北京平原区大气降水入渗补给量,平原区平均降水入渗补给量为233.7mm,区域内降水入渗补给总量为14.10×108m3。对不同土地利用类型不同土壤类型对地下水补给量的因子影响。可知内陆水体的补给量最小,林地等补给量相对较高。由于土壤的自身特性和制约性,不同类型土壤入渗量相差较大。 (3)基于模拟的平原区降水入渗补给量,通过GIS的空间计算功能,模拟了研究区的降水入渗补给系数。北京平原区的平均大气降水入渗补给系数为0.366,较传统计算方法计算值增幅了4.0%,总体上变化不大。从土地利用、土壤类型、年降水量等方面进行了降水入渗补给系数的影响因子分析。
[Abstract]:Beijing is a severe water shortage area, and groundwater is the main source of water resources in Beijing. Atmospheric precipitation is the main way to recharge groundwater in arid and semi-arid areas, especially in Beijing. The recharge of precipitation to groundwater can reach 50% of the total amount of groundwater recharge. With the continuous development of the city, excessive exploitation and deteriorating environment have seriously affected the recharge of groundwater by precipitation infiltration. Therefore, accurate estimation of precipitation is of great importance to the development of Beijing groundwater. Distributed hydrological model (WetSpass) is a rainfall infiltration estimation model based on water balance, which takes into account all kinds of factors affecting precipitation infiltration, such as climate, soil, land use and so on. The change caused by precipitation on groundwater quantity can be described more accurately. This paper applies the model, the relevant meteorological data, irrigation data, Soil data and land use data estimated the vertical recharge of groundwater in Beijing Plain in 2011. The results proved that the model is suitable for the study area, and then estimated the precipitation infiltration in Beijing Plain on 2011. Based on these results, the infiltration coefficient of the studied area is simulated, and the contents are as follows:. 1) the average vertical groundwater supply in Beijing Plain area in 2011 simulated by the model is 291.1 mm ~ (-1) mm ~ (-1) ~ 17.63 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (3). The result is verified by the dynamic method of groundwater level, and the difference between this result and that in 2011 is -2.05 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (3). The results show that the average vertical groundwater supply is -2.05 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (3). The correlation coefficient R _ 2 / R _ (2) is 80.6. the applicability of the model in the study area is verified. In 2011, the amount of precipitation infiltration in Beijing Plain area was simulated. The average rainfall infiltration recharge is 233.7mm and the total precipitation recharge is 14.10 脳 108m3.The effects of different land use types and soil types on groundwater recharge are found to be the lowest in inland water body. Because of the characteristics and constraints of soil, the infiltration amount of different types of soil varies greatly. (3) based on the simulated rainfall infiltration recharge in plain area, the spatial calculation function of GIS is adopted. The precipitation infiltration and recharge coefficient of the study area is simulated. The average atmospheric precipitation infiltration recharge coefficient in Beijing plain is 0.366, which is increased by 4.0% compared with the traditional calculation method. The influence factors of precipitation infiltration and recharge coefficient were analyzed in terms of annual precipitation.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P641.2;TP79;P334.92

【参考文献】