泥石流次声监测预警系统设计

发布时间：2018-03-12 19:41

本文选题：泥石流　切入点：次声监测　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：泥石流是一种山区突发性的自然侵蚀过程,具有流速快、流量大、物质容量大、破坏力强等特点。近年来,泥石流灾害在世界各地频发,造成了重大的人员伤亡与经济损失。我国也是泥石流频发国家之一,较为严重的区域分布在西南多个省份,地壳活动剧烈,地势走向陡峻,地质结构复杂,土体支离破碎,再加上西南地区的降水量和降水强度较大,泥石流发育强烈,直接威胁到该地区人民群众的生命财产安全,因此,如何对泥石流进行有效的监测成为预防泥石流灾害、降低灾害损失的研究重点。目前世界多国的专家学者都在关注研究泥石流灾害预警技术,并取得了不少的成果,但也普遍存在一些问题导致推广性较差,如系统造价昂贵、维护成本高、误报率高等。本文提出了一种成本较低、采用优良信号处理算法的泥石流次声监控系统来实现对泥石流灾害的监测预报。本文详细的介绍了一种基于泥石流次声信号进行泥石流灾害预警的设计方案,该系统设计包括嵌入式软硬件系统设计、算法设计、上位机设计。其中嵌入式软硬件系统使用专业的次声传感器完成信号的捕捉并转换为对应的模拟电信号,该电信号经过模拟电路部分转换、放大、滤波之后通过AD采集得到对应的数字信号数组。得到的数据经过希尔伯特黄变换之后得到原始信号的边际谱,通过对边际谱进行分析可以判断有无泥石流次声信号产生,以此实现对泥石流灾害的灾前预警。可以将边际谱数据通过串行通信方式传输给上位机,实现在上位机软件中实时显示采集信号的边际谱。本系统中采用了性能较强的基于Cortex-M7内核的芯片STM32F746作为主控芯片,且移植了实时性较强的UCOS-III操作系统,实现了数据采集、存储、运算、上传等多任务协作。经过模拟仿真与实验验证,本泥石流监测系统各方面达到了设计要求,具有一定的实用价值和推广性。
[Abstract]:Debris flow is a sudden natural erosion process in mountainous areas, with the characteristics of fast velocity, large discharge, large material capacity and strong destructive power. In recent years, debris flow disasters occur frequently all over the world. China is also one of the countries where debris flows occur frequently. The more serious areas are distributed in many provinces in southwest China. The crustal activities are intense, the topography is steep, the geological structure is complex, and the soil mass is fragmented. In addition, the precipitation and precipitation intensity in the southwest area is large, and the debris flow develops strongly, which directly threatens the life and property safety of the people in this area. Therefore, how to effectively monitor the debris flow becomes the prevention of the debris flow disaster. At present, experts and scholars from many countries all over the world are paying close attention to the early warning technology of debris flow disasters, and have achieved a lot of results. However, there are also some common problems that lead to poor popularization, such as the high cost of the system. The maintenance cost is high, the false alarm rate is high. This paper introduces a design scheme of debris flow infrasound warning based on infrasound signal of debris flow, which is based on fine signal processing algorithm to realize the monitoring and forecasting of debris flow infrasound. The system design includes embedded hardware and software system design, algorithm design, host computer design, in which the embedded hardware and software system uses professional infrasound sensor to capture the signal and convert it into the corresponding analog signal. The signal is partially converted by analog circuit, amplified, filtered, and then collected by AD to get the corresponding digital signal array. After Hilbert-Huang transform, the obtained data can obtain the marginal spectrum of the original signal. By analyzing the marginal spectrum, we can judge whether the infrasound signal of debris flow is produced, so as to realize the pre-disaster early warning of debris flow disaster. The marginal spectrum data can be transmitted to the upper computer by serial communication. In this system, the high performance chip STM32F746 based on Cortex-M7 kernel is used as the main control chip, and the real time UCOS-III operating system is transplanted to realize the data acquisition and storage. Through simulation and experimental verification, the debris flow monitoring system has met the design requirements and has certain practical value and popularization.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P642.23

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