水下航天训练服干燥设备研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 01:14

  本文选题：航天服　切入点：热泵　出处：《北京建筑大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水下训练服是为宇航员在地面中性水槽中训练使的装备，在浮力的作用下，模拟在太空环境失重状态的操作。当训练完成后水下训练服须干燥以便于维护与储存。水下训练服和真正的舱外航天服像似，具有完备的生命支持系统，电子通讯系统。从水中吊出后需选择合适的干燥方法，合理的干燥温度和风速。 任何干燥过程本质上都是水分蒸发从其表面分离的过程，可抽象为多孔介质的传热传质过程。影响干燥过程的主要因素为训练服表面水分的蒸发快慢以及训练服内部水分向表面迁移的速度。针对中国航天员中心的需求，论文对水下训练服的干燥过程及其干燥设备进行研究，设计合理的干燥方案，，得到了干燥方案中最适宜的参数。 论文针对需求分析了两种干燥方案，一种是封闭式热泵干燥器和开放式压缩热空气干燥器，并对这两种进行了可行性和能耗分析，经论证后基于安全性第一的原则，选择开放式方案，研制了干燥设备，取得成功地应用。 论文采用仿真软件ANSYS CFX对两种方案进行了数值模拟，得到了各不同时刻，不同参数情况下的速度场、温度场云图以及含湿量的曲线。设计了针对开放式压缩热空气干燥器的干燥试验系统样机，得出了在不同底盘转速、竖向气缸升降速度下干燥喷口速度及干燥气体温度的详细数据。依据模拟结果数值及实验数据绘制了两者的干燥过程曲线，用实验的方法验证了模拟结果的正确性。 论文研究表明，密闭式热泵干燥装置比开放式压缩热空气干燥装置节能，后者的能耗为前者的5~7倍。开放式压缩热空气干燥装置加热功率为9kW，航天服的干燥时间为1小时左右，最佳干燥出口温度为60℃，速度为5m/s，干燥距离为15cm，竖向气缸升降速度为0.15m/s，转台转速0.14rad/s。
[Abstract]:Underwater training suits are equipment for astronauts to train in neutral water tanks on the ground, under buoyancy. The operation of simulating weightlessness in space environment. When the training is completed, the underwater training suit shall be dry for easy maintenance and storage. The underwater training suit and the true extravehicular spacesuit resemble each other and have a complete life support system, Electronic communication system. Suitable drying method, reasonable drying temperature and wind speed should be selected after lifting from water. Any drying process is essentially a process of water evaporation separating from its surface, The process of heat and mass transfer in porous media can be abstracted. The main factors affecting the drying process are the speed of evaporation of water on the surface of the training suit and the speed of the internal moisture migration to the surface of the training suit. In this paper, the drying process of underwater training clothes and its drying equipment are studied. A reasonable drying scheme is designed and the most suitable parameters in the drying scheme are obtained. In this paper, two drying schemes are analyzed, one is closed heat pump dryer and the other is open compressed hot air dryer, and the feasibility and energy consumption of these two desiccators are analyzed, which are based on the principle of safety first. The open scheme was chosen and the drying equipment was developed and successfully applied. In this paper, the simulation software ANSYS CFX is used to simulate the two schemes, and the velocity fields at different time and different parameters are obtained. The temperature field cloud diagram and the curve of moisture content. The prototype of drying test system for open compressed hot air dryer was designed, and the rotational speed of different chassis was obtained. The drying process curves of the dry nozzle velocity and the drying gas temperature are drawn according to the numerical value of the simulation results and the experimental data. The correctness of the simulation results is verified by the experimental method. The research shows that the closed heat pump dryer is more energy efficient than the open compressed hot air dryer. The energy consumption of the latter is 5 ~ 7 times that of the former. The heating power of the open compressed hot air drying device is 9 kW, the drying time of the spacesuit is about 1 hour, and the optimum drying outlet temperature is 60 鈩

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