基于城市IKONOS影像阴影提取城市建筑物高度研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 17:42

本文选题：建筑物高度　切入点：阴影　出处：《昆明理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人口和经济的快速发展,城市化进程速度加快,因此获取城市变化信息对于城市的规划和发展具有重要的意义。从遥感图像中提取人工地物,尤其是相关建筑物的研究已有多年历史,如今仍是一个热点课题。本文以厦门岛为研究区域,利用IKONOS遥感影像的阴影特征,开展建筑物高度提取方法研究。本文的主要工作包括： 1、提出了一种基于城市建筑物阴影的自动提取方法,该方法利用了高分辨率遥感影像中建筑物受到太阳照射而产生的阴影信息,对影像进行图像增强、数学形态学处理、图像分割等处理,直至完成了建筑物阴影提取的全过程。实验表明,该方法能够快速有效的进行阴影的检测,保证了阴影的形状和大小。 2、提出了一种新的去除建筑物阴影中水体的方法。水体和建筑物阴影在灰度特征上相似,监督分类过程中建筑物阴影结果会受到水体的影响。本文基于各波段图像的特性,结合监督分类和代数运算方法对图像进行处理,完成了水体和建筑物阴影的区分。实验结果表明,本方法能有效的去除水体对于建筑物阴影提取的影响,较好的提取了投射于水体上的建筑物阴影,其阴影大小和形状都保持的较好,提高了建筑物阴影检测的准确性。 3、论文中分析了影像上阴影与太阳高度角、太阳方位角、卫星高度角、卫星方位角以及建筑物的关系,从而推导出建筑物阴影与建筑物高度的计算公式。利用阴影测高工具法和平均法提取建筑物高度,其高度计算值与厦门市研究区的建筑物高度测量值进行对比。最后对实验结果进行精度评价和误差分析。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of population and economy, the process of urbanization is speeding up, so it is very important to obtain urban change information for urban planning and development. In particular, the study of related buildings has been for many years, but is still a hot topic. In this paper, the shadow features of IKONOS remote sensing images are used in Xiamen Island as the research area. The main work of this paper includes:. 1. An automatic shadow extraction method based on urban building shadow is proposed. The method utilizes the shadow information of high resolution remote sensing image caused by solar radiation to enhance the image and process the mathematical morphology. The experiments show that the method can detect the shadow quickly and effectively and ensure the shape and size of the shadow. 2. A new method is proposed to remove the water body from the shadow of buildings. The gray features of water body and building shadow are similar, and the result of building shadow will be affected by the water body in the process of supervising classification. Based on the characteristics of each band image, this paper proposes a new method to remove the water body from the shadow of the building. Combined with supervised classification and algebraic operation, the image is processed, and the distinction between water body and building shadow is completed. The experimental results show that this method can effectively remove the influence of water body on building shadow extraction. Better extraction of the shadow cast on the water, the shadow size and shape of the better, improve the accuracy of building shadow detection. 3. The relationship between shadow and solar height angle, solar azimuth angle, satellite altitude angle, satellite azimuth angle and building are analyzed. Thus, the calculation formula of building shadow and building height is derived, and the building height is extracted by means of shadow altimetry and average method. The calculated values of the height are compared with the measured values of the height of buildings in Xiamen study area. Finally, the accuracy evaluation and error analysis of the experimental results are carried out.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP751;TU198

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