黔西六枝—龙场地区遥感图像处理及构造变形信息提取

发布时间：2018-04-05 00:01

本文选题：遥感图像　切入点：横张大节理　出处：《成都理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：遥感图像既能体现地质构造形迹的地表特征,又能从中提取地表以下的隐伏构造信息。遥感图像上呈现的复杂地质构造形迹不是短时间内形成的,而是地史以来各期地壳运动的最终结果,从中可以提取出反映各期地质构造运动的“标型”特征信息。遥感技术应用于地质上具有较大优势。从遥感图像上可以解译出遥感大节理,其不同于野外露头上观察到的节理。遥感大节理是从宏观范围尺度上观察到的,规模大,在野外露头节理的优势方位上产生。遥感图像上反映出来的横张大节理间的切割交错关系可进一步反演应力场。本次研究借助地理信息系统(GIS)与遥感(RS)技术手段,以遥感原理和构造地质学为基本理论基础,在传统的地质研究方法上,结合前人的研究成果,采取计算机图像处理和人机交互解译的方法对卫星遥感图像和其它相关图像数据进行预处理、增强处理以及地质构造解译。从地质构造行迹(褶皱、断层、节理等)中提取构造变形信息,分析其时间和空间分布规律,反推构造应力作用的特征,从而对整个研究区域的构造特征形成一个清晰的时空观念。由解译结果分析得知,六枝-龙场地区构造形式较复杂,主要存在三组不同方位的褶皱组系及与其相伴生的横张大节理系,分别为:(1)北西向皱褶组与其发育的北东向节理系;(2)近东西向皱褶组与其发育的北北西-南北向节理系;(3)近北东向褶皱组与其相伴生的北西西-南东东向节理系。由三组节理的交错切割关系,反演出北东向构造应力作用时间较早,近南北向构造应力次之,近北西向构造应力作用时间最晚。
[Abstract]:Remote sensing images can not only reflect the surface features of geological structural traces, but also extract the hidden structure information below the surface.The complex geological tectonic traces presented in remote sensing images are not formed in a short time, but are the final results of crustal movements in various periods since the history of the earth, from which the "typomorphic" characteristic information reflecting the geological tectonic movements of various periods can be extracted.The application of remote sensing technology in geology has great advantages.The large joints of remote sensing can be interpreted from remote sensing images, which are different from those observed on outcrops in the field.The large joints of remote sensing are observed from the macro scale and are large in scale and produced in the dominant orientation of outcrop joints in the field.The cutting staggered relation between transverse tensional joints reflected in remote sensing images can be further used to retrieve the stress field.With the help of GIS (Geographic Information system) and RS (remote Sensing RS) technology, this study is based on the principles of remote sensing and tectonic geology, and combines the previous research results with the traditional geological research methods.The methods of computer image processing and human-computer interactive interpretation are used to preprocess satellite remote sensing image and other related image data, to enhance processing and to interpret geological structure.The structural deformation information is extracted from the geological structural traces (folds, faults, joints, etc.), and the temporal and spatial distribution laws are analyzed, and the characteristics of tectonic stress action are analyzed.Therefore, a clear concept of time and space is formed for the structural characteristics of the whole study area.From the analysis of interpretation results, it is found that the structure form of Liuzhi-Longchang area is relatively complex, and there are mainly three groups of fold groups with different orientation and the associated transverse tensional joint system.The NW crinkle formation and its developed NW joint system are respectively 1) NW-NW-NW-NW-NW-NW-NW fold formation and its associated NW-SE-E-E joint system. The NNW-NNE joint system developed by the NW-NNE crinkle formation and its developed NNW-NNE joint system are respectively called: 1) NW-NW fold formation and its associated NW-SE joint system.According to the staggered cutting relation of the three groups of joints, the time of tectonic stress acting on NNE is earlier than that of NNE, followed by NNE and NW.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP751

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