潜孔锤及声波钻柔体振动冲击的理论与建模

发布时间：2018-04-15 02:17

本文选题：柔体 + 声波钻　；参考：《中国地质大学（北京）》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着勘察技术及航空航天技术的发展,柔体的冲击、振动问题的研究愈来愈受到人们的重视,但由于冲击、振动过程非常复杂,其中所涉及到的许多复杂问题仍然还没有得到很好的解决。本文分别以潜孔锤活塞-钻头-岩石系统和声波钻钻柱为研究对象,对潜孔锤凿岩过程中钻头冲击岩石的响应及声波钻不同地层钻进的钻柱振动、冲击响应进行了理论研究,具体研究内容如下：一、首次给出弹性支撑二柔杆冲击分离后被撞杆的运动方程,以此来分析潜孔锤钻头凿岩过程并与LS-DYNA中活塞-钻头-岩石系统三维实体模型仿真结果进行校验对比,最后通过数学模型分析讨论活塞岩石刚度、冲击速度及活塞、钻头长度变化对潜孔锤钻头冲击岩石的影响,此模型可以推广到其他冲击类机械的研究。二、基于声波钻饱和软地层钻进时钻柱周围饱和土壤迅速液化,从而钻柱所受摩擦阻力急剧减小的实际情况,确定声波钻钻柱纵向振动的边界条件,建立声波钻饱和软地层钻进时钻柱纵向振动数学模型,得到其在顶部正弦激励下的稳态受迫振动响应。针对声波钻钻柱纵向振动的位移响应、动应力响应及声波钻工作过程中声频振动器的频率控制等方面进行了深入的研究。三、声波钻穿岩钻进时,其钻头对岩石的冲击力大小对凿岩钻头的设计尤为重要。在声波钻饱和软土层钻进模型的基础上改变边界条件,以弹簧代替声波钻钻进过程中遇到的岩石,求解上述边界条件下声波钻钻柱以其共振状态为初始条件的零输入瞬态响应过程,以此来研究声波钻在饱和软土层中钻进时遇到岩石可能产生的最大冲击力。通过以上研究,为冲击类机械诸如潜孔锤、打桩机、捣固机、破碎器等的设计、分析提供理论参考；阐明了声波钻钻柱不同地层钻进的振动与冲击机理,为声波钻的使用及钻柱和钻头的设计与钻进工艺的优化提供理论支撑。
[Abstract]:With the development of reconnaissance technology and aerospace technology, people pay more and more attention to the shock of flexible body and vibration, but the vibration process is very complicated because of shock.Many of the complex problems involved remain unresolved.In this paper, the Piston-bit rock system of DTH hammer and acoustic drill string are taken as the research objects respectively. The response of drill bit to rock impact and vibration of drill string and shock response of sonic drilling in different strata during drilling process of DTH hammer are studied theoretically in this paper.The specific contents of the study are as follows:For the first time, the motion equation of the rammed rod after the impact separation of the elastic support two flexible rod is given to analyze the drilling process of the DTH hammer bit and to verify and compare the simulation results with the three-dimensional solid model of the piston bit rock system in LS-DYNA.Finally, the effects of the stiffness of piston rock, the impact velocity and the change of piston and bit length on the impact rock of DTH hammer bit are analyzed by mathematical model. This model can be extended to other impact machinery.Secondly, based on the fact that the saturated soil around the drill string is rapidly liquefied during acoustic drilling in the saturated soft formation, and thus the friction resistance of the drill string decreases sharply, the boundary conditions of longitudinal vibration of the acoustic drilling string are determined.A mathematical model of longitudinal vibration of drill string during drilling in saturated soft formation with acoustic drilling is established, and the steady state forced vibration response of the drill string under sinusoidal excitation at the top is obtained.In this paper, the displacement response, dynamic stress response and frequency control of acoustic vibrator in the working process of sonic drill are studied.Thirdly, when drilling with acoustic drilling, the impact force of drill bit to rock is very important to the design of drilling bit.On the basis of the drilling model of saturated soft soil with acoustic drilling, the boundary condition is changed, and the rock encountered in the drilling process is replaced by a spring.The zero input transient response process of acoustic drilling column with its resonance state as initial condition is solved under the above boundary conditions, so as to study the maximum impact force that may be generated by acoustic drilling in saturated soft soil.Through the above research, it provides a theoretical reference for the design and analysis of impact machinery such as down-hole hammer, pile driver, tamper, crusher, etc. The vibration and impact mechanism of acoustic drilling pillar drilling in different formations are expounded.It provides theoretical support for the use of acoustic drilling, the design of drill string and drill bit and the optimization of drilling technology.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P634;TB53

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