并联磁负刚度的新型空气弹簧减振器设计

发布时间：2018-04-15 21:33

本文选题：减振器 + 空气弹簧　；参考：《华中科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着精密测量仪器、精密加工装备的日益发展，，其测量和加工精度越来越高，环境振动成为影响实现其功能的重要因素。本论文依托国家重大科研专项，面向重大工程的实际需求，开发了一款结构紧凑、体积小、具备大隔振带宽及承载力的精密空气弹簧减振器，以满足精密隔振系统在不同场合下的应用需求。首先，针对空气弹簧减振器中低频隔振和系统稳定性之间的矛盾，采用正负刚度并联的解决方法以拓展系统隔振带宽并保证其稳定性；论述了正负刚度并联减振的原理和优点，并建立了永磁体磁力及刚度解析模型；分析了永磁体间的磁负刚度特性以及相应的磁负刚度机构。其次，对空气弹簧减振器进行了总体设计，并对减振器的正负刚度并联形式进行了探讨。在此基础上，通过对空气弹簧建模，设计了一款膜式单腔室空气弹簧。基于所设计空气弹簧结构，设计了一款可嵌入腔室内部并具备自动导向功能的双磁环负刚度机构，并对该机构进行了详细的刚度设计和结构设计。最后，对所设计空气弹簧减振器进行实验验证。在并联了磁负刚度机构后，55.4kg的负载条件下，空气弹簧减振器的固有频率从3.61Hz下降到了2.34Hz，从而证实了所设计新型空气弹簧减振器的优越性以及所设计负刚度机构的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the development of precision measuring instruments and precision machining equipment, the precision of measurement and machining is getting higher and higher. The environmental vibration becomes an important factor that affects the realization of its function.Based on the national major scientific research projects and the practical requirements of major projects, this paper develops a precision air spring shock absorber with compact structure, small volume, large vibration isolation bandwidth and bearing capacity.In order to meet the needs of precision vibration isolation system in different applications.First of all, aiming at the contradiction between low frequency vibration isolation and system stability in air spring absorber, the parallel method of positive and negative stiffness is adopted to expand the isolation bandwidth of the system and ensure its stability, and the principle and advantages of parallel vibration reduction with positive and negative stiffness are discussed.An analytical model of magnetic force and stiffness of permanent magnets is established, and the characteristics of magnetic negative stiffness among permanent magnets and the corresponding negative stiffness mechanisms are analyzed.Secondly, the general design of the air spring shock absorber is carried out, and the parallel form of the positive and negative stiffness of the absorber is discussed.On this basis, a membrane single chamber air spring is designed by modeling the air spring.Based on the designed air spring structure, a double magnetic ring negative stiffness mechanism is designed, which can embed the interior of the cavity and has the function of automatic guidance, and the stiffness and structure of the mechanism are designed in detail.Finally, the experimental verification of the designed air spring damper is carried out.The natural frequency of the air spring damper has been reduced from 3.61Hz to 2.34 Hz under the load of 55.4 kg parallel to the magnetic negative stiffness mechanism, which proves the superiority of the designed new air spring damper and the effectiveness of the designed negative stiffness mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB535.1

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