氧化淀粉基复合材料的制备及力学性能

发布时间：2018-04-22 13:23

本文选题：氧化淀粉基复合材料 + 氧化淀粉　；参考：《高分子材料科学与工程》2017年09期

【摘要】：为提高淀粉基复合材料的力学性能,采用对原生淀粉进行氧化改性,通过模压发泡工艺制备了氧化淀粉基复合材料(OS复合材料)。力学测试结果表明,OS复合材料在力学性能方面有很大程度的提升,且最佳氧化比为m(淀粉)∶m(H_2O_2)=10∶1.5。此时拉伸强度为3.05 MPa,压缩强度6.724 MPa,与原生淀粉基复合材料相比分别提高21.03%、14.65%,缓冲性能最佳;其压缩强度明显优于聚苯乙烯发泡塑料(EPS),缓冲系数与EPS接近。为揭示性能变化的内在机理,通过红外光谱分析发现,氧化过程使得淀粉内部官能基团改变,形成更强的氢键,与剑麻纤维的结合更紧固;通过X射线衍射分析得到,淀粉氧化改性后,结晶度降低,内部形成更均匀的相,裸露的支链增多,其与剑麻纤维结合得更好。为探究复合材料的界面结合情况,采用扫描电镜观察,图像显示OS复合材料内部生成了较好的泡孔结构,并且其淀粉基质均匀地附着在纤维的表面,淀粉和纤维形成了很好的结合。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the mechanical properties of starch matrix composites, the oxidized starch matrix composites were prepared by moulding and foaming process. The results of mechanical tests show that the mechanical properties of the composite are greatly improved, and the optimum oxidation ratio is 10: 1.5. The tensile strength is 3.05 MPA and the compression strength is 6.724 MPA. Compared with the original starch matrix composites, the tensile strength is increased by 21.03% and 14.65%, respectively, and the cushioning property is the best. The compressive strength of the composites is obviously better than that of polystyrene foamed plastics, and the buffering coefficient is close to that of EPS. In order to reveal the intrinsic mechanism of the property change, it was found by infrared spectroscopy that the oxidation process changed the functional groups inside the starch, formed a stronger hydrogen bond and fastened the bond with sisal fiber. After oxidative modification of starch, the crystallinity decreased, more homogeneous phase was formed inside, and the exposed branching chain increased, which combined better with sisal fiber. In order to investigate the interfacial bonding of the composite, the images showed that the porous structure of the composite was well formed, and the starch matrix was uniformly attached to the surface of the fiber. Starch and fiber form a good combination.
【作者单位】：山东大学机械工程学院高效洁净机械制造教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51775318)
【分类号】：TB332;TB484

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