基于形态域和单元化特征的产品构形分析与设计研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 08:17

本文选题：形态域 + 产品构形分析　；参考：《东华大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：产品的工业设计是一个复杂的过程,形态作为产品的最基本特征、最本质的外部形象,在其设计过程中常遇到的问题可以基本归纳为以下三种：美学问题、结构问题和人机问题。对于产品结构来说,其设置布局在于解决物与物之间的关系,而处理结构的最终目的是当人使用产品时,能够更好的实现产品功能；由此可见,解决人与物之间的关系则显得更为重要。产品形态的发展和研究在经历了形态追随功能、国际化等时期后,设计界开始引进多学科理论方法,形态设计研究开始更多地考虑与人互动的因素,人机工程、人性化、感性因素等纷纷成为工业设计中的新热点。工业设计过去在很大程度上依靠工业设计师的灵感和创意本能,所以在产品系统上缺少可以严谨分析的工具和标准,本文基于形态域和产品单元化特征,提出了包括网格画法、断面扫描及特征提取法、寻线法等产品设计新方法。力图从产品在创意之初到系列化产品设计上都能提出一种有效的理性化手段对设计过程进行控制,这也是本研究的重点着墨之处。利用形态域与单元化特征的设计方法能够较为合理的分析产品表面变化关系,并对组成产品的线条进行研究,为设计师提供细节设计依据。通过网格法提出了一种将平面二维视图转化为三维轴侧视图的设计新方式,并应用断面扫描分析和产品表面寻线分析、得到反映产品形态趋势的质心线、划分产品的功能模块、建立产品的活性区域。为了在设计中完善产品特征模块与人体的交互关系,研究了人体运动关节尺寸分析了人体立体域与产品的特征变化关系。提出人体行为立体域设计法,该方法适合应用于产品外部轮廓形态、产品特征识别以及系列化产品群的设计和改进。基于形态域和单元化特征的设计研究方法对工业产品的设计和改进都有着较为重要的意义。本文的主要研究内容包括以下几个方面： (1)在工业产品设计中引入了形态域和单元化特征的概念,通过对产品设计中特征的识别、作用和遗传模式的分析,联系目前产品设计流程中存在的问题,提出产品设计中的两个重要研究基础——形态域和产品单元化特征,并论述了其概念和基本理论内容：以特征的点、线、面、体的设计为关键,运用新的设计方法探讨产品的构形分析与设计,并说明了此方法的优势所在。 (2)提出了“网格寻点画法”,以此进行产品改进平台的构建。此方法从产品理性表达层面出发,提出了产品二维和三维表达的互换关系以及转换方法——首先进行产品表面线条的分类,加深对产品结构的认识：然后通过“网格寻点画法”由产品的二维工程图较快速、较准确、较方便地转换为产品轴测图的辅助手绘。同时说明了此方法的具体实施步骤和所使用的工具,并以鼠标为例进行了方法展示。 (3)提出了寻线设计方法,引入了贝塞尔曲线的概念及特征,由此进行产品表面样条线的分类,提出了“寻线”的概念——此方法是一种提供对产品进行细化设计时的设计手段,通过产品表面线条反求壳线,对功能模块组内的线条进行分类定义,获得产品线条的特征,将线条组之间进行角度比和长度比分析,找到产品线条活性区域,从而优化产品线条关系。 (4)提出了断面扫描及特征提取法。作为一种产品设计的分析方法,断面扫描法从产品的视觉动态分析出发,通过运用三维扫描获得已有产品的各个角度的断面形态特征,借助设计分析软件、统计学分析、数值分析等多种手段对产品分层扫描面的边缘线特征进行分析研究,分析截面属性,并基于截面属性提出了质心线的概念,结合对方向盘进行质心线提取、分析水果刀中的质心线等案例,说明其在产品人机工程学中的意义。 (5)提出了形态域这种新的设计方式,其中包括人的行为域和产品造型边界的概念,为产品设计布局过程提供了先期平台。随后的相关信息模型,系列模型和动态过程的协作控制模型将使整个设计过程成为动态的交互过程设计。解决人与物、人与环境、物与环境之间不和谐的关系,并首次实现人体数据与产品设计参数之间的映射,将人机工程参与设计过程前期,完成从尺寸驱动到3D人体模型驱动的空间设计方式。通过对上述内容的研究和探索,本文作者希望此研究的结果和内容可以为工业设计提供一些较为理性的设计方法和手段,为工业产品设计的进一步发展奠定理性分析设计基础,并希望为后续的工业设计工作者继续探索提供新的思路和方法。
[Abstract]:The industrial design of a product is a complex process. As the most basic feature of the product, the most essential external image of the product, the problems often encountered in the process of design can be summed up as follows: aesthetic, structural and man-machine problems. For product structure, its layout is to solve the relationship between objects and things. The final purpose of the processing structure is to realize the function of the product better when the product is used. Thus, it is more important to solve the relationship between people and things. The development and research of product form have begun to introduce the multidisciplinary theory method and form design after the development and study of the form following function and internationalization. The study began to consider more factors that interact with people. Ergonomics, humanization and perceptual factors have become the new hot topics in industrial design.
In the past, industrial design relies on the inspiration and creative instinct of industrial designers to a great extent. Therefore, there is a lack of tools and standards that can be carefully analyzed in the product system. Based on the features of the morphologic domain and product unit, a new method of product design, including mesh drawing, section scanning and feature extraction, and line finding, is proposed. The product can put forward an effective rational means to control the design process from the beginning of the creative to the serial product design, which is also the key point of this study.
Using the design method of the form domain and the unit feature, the relationship between the product surface change can be analyzed reasonably, and the line of the product is studied. The design basis is provided for the designer. A new design method of transforming the plane two-dimensional view into the three-dimensional axis view is proposed by the grid method, and the section scanning is applied to the design. In order to improve the relationship between product feature module and human body, the relationship between human body movement joint size and product characteristics is analyzed. The method of behavior stereoscopic domain design is suitable for application to the shape of the product external contour, the identification of product features, and the design and improvement of the series of product groups. The design and research method based on the morphological domain and the unit characteristics have a more important meaning to the design and improvement of the industrial products.
The main contents of this paper include the following aspects:
(1) in the design of industrial products, the concept of morphologic and unit features is introduced. By identifying the characteristics of the product design, the analysis of the function and the genetic model, the existing problems in the current product design process are linked, and two important research bases in the product design are put forward, which are the features of the form domain and the product unit, and the concept of the product design is discussed. Thinking and basic theory content: the design of the feature point, line, surface and body is the key, and the new design method is used to discuss the configuration analysis and design of the product, and the advantages of this method are explained.
(2) a "grid searching method" is proposed to build a product improvement platform. From the level of product rational expression, this method puts forward the interchangeability relationship between the two-dimensional and three-dimensional expression of the product and the transformation method - first classifying the product surface lines to deepen the understanding of the product structure: and then through "grid search" The method is faster, more accurate, more accurate and more convenient to translate into the auxiliary hand drawing of the product axonometric drawing. At the same time, the concrete implementation steps and the tools used in this method are illustrated, and the mouse is used as an example to show the method.
(3) the design method of line finding is put forward, the concept and characteristics of Bessel curve are introduced, the classification of the product surface spline line is carried out, and the concept of "line finding" is put forward. This method is a design means to provide a refined design for the product. The line is divided into the function module group through the reverse of the shell line of the product surface line. Class definition, the characteristics of product lines, line groups of angle ratio and length ratio analysis, find product line active area, so as to optimize the product line relationship.
(4) the method of section scanning and feature extraction is proposed. As an analytical method of product design, the section scanning method starts from the visual dynamic analysis of the product, and obtains the morphological features of the various angles of the existing products by using the three-dimensional scanning method, and delamination of the product with the help of design analysis software, integration analysis, numerical analysis and so on. The characteristics of the edge line of the scanning surface are analyzed and studied, the properties of the cross section are analyzed, and the concept of the centroid line is put forward based on the cross section properties. The core line is extracted from the steering wheel, and the core line in the fruit knife is analyzed, and the significance of it in the ergonomics of the product is illustrated.
(5) a new design method of the morphological domain is proposed, including the concept of human behavior domain and product modeling boundary, which provides a pre stage platform for the design and layout process of the product. The subsequent related information model, series model and dynamic process cooperative control model will make the whole setting process a dynamic interactive process design. The relationship between objects, human and environment, objects and environment is not harmonious, and the mapping between human data and product design parameters is realized for the first time. In the early stage of design, the space design mode driven by size driven to 3D human body model is completed.
Through the research and exploration of the above content, the author hopes that the results and contents of this study can provide some more rational design methods and means for industrial design, and lay a foundation for rational analysis and design for the further development of industrial product design, and hope to provide new ideas for the further exploration of industrial design workers. And methods.

【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB472

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