基于音圈电机的薄壁件铣削振动主动控制研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 01:17

本文选题：音圈电机 + 薄壁件　；参考：《华中科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：薄壁件已广泛应用于航空、船舶、能源、汽车等领域，其铣削振动严重影响了工件表面质量和加工效率。为了有效抑制铣削振动，，本文采用主动控制方法，搭建了基于音圈电机的薄壁件铣削振动主动控制平台。该控制平台以铝合金薄板作为加工对象进行研究，用激光位移传感器感测铣削过程被控点振动位移，NI PXI控制平台的PXI-7852R FPGA板卡采集振动位移信号，经PID控制算法运算输出控制模拟电压信号给放大和驱动器，驱动音圈电机作动形成闭环控制，从而改变整个系统的阻尼和刚度，有效抑制铣削振动。基于PID的FPGA实现是通过LabVIEW编程并将程序编译到PXI-7852R板卡实现实时控制。前期为了模拟铣刀切削薄板振动，用一台音圈电机作为激振器输出正弦振动信号，此模拟信号由PXI-6733高速模拟电压输出板卡提供，用另一台音圈电机进行减振，该模拟实验在固有频率附近，在音圈电机功率上限约束下，将振动幅度消减65%-70%，很好地验证了音圈电机作为薄板主动减振的可行性和闭环主动控制系统的有效性。通过有限元模态分析和实验模态测试获悉被加工薄板的振动特性，并利用该特性选取加工参数进行了实际铣削实验。用PXI-4722模拟电压采集板卡采集位于薄板下方和刀具X、Y方向的激光位移传感器信号可以在线查看和保存振动位移信号。后期工作可以研究薄板加工变形控制,控制算法优化和主轴主动控制技术。
[Abstract]:Thin-walled parts have been widely used in aviation, ship, energy, automobile and other fields. The milling vibration seriously affects the surface quality and processing efficiency of workpiece. In order to restrain milling vibration effectively, the active control platform of thin-wall milling vibration based on voice coil motor is built by using active control method in this paper. The control platform takes aluminum alloy thin plate as the processing object and uses laser displacement sensor to detect the vibration displacement of the controlled point and the PXI-7852R FPGA card of NI PXI control platform to collect the vibration displacement signal. The output analog voltage signal of PID control algorithm is amplified and actuated, and the driving coil motor is actuated to form a closed loop control, which changes the damping and stiffness of the whole system and effectively inhibits the milling vibration. The realization of FPGA based on PID is realized by LabVIEW programming and compiling the program to PXI-7852R board to realize real-time control. In order to simulate the vibration of cutting thin plate of milling cutter, one voice coil motor is used as vibration exciter to output sinusoidal vibration signal, which is provided by PXI-6733 high speed analog voltage output board card, and another voice coil motor is used to reduce vibration. In this simulation experiment, the vibration amplitude is reduced 65 to 70 by the upper limit of the power of the voice coil motor near the natural frequency. The feasibility of the sound coil motor as the active vibration reduction of thin plate and the effectiveness of the closed loop active control system are well verified. The vibration characteristics of the machined thin plate were obtained by the finite element modal analysis and the experimental modal test, and the actual milling experiment was carried out by selecting the machining parameters. Using PXI-4722 analog voltage acquisition board to collect the signal of laser displacement sensor located at the bottom of thin plate and in the direction of tool XY, the vibration displacement signal can be viewed and saved online. In the later stage of work, deformation control, control algorithm optimization and spindle active control technology can be studied.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TG54;TB535

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