液氨储罐缺陷辨识及探测技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 15:24

本文选题：储罐 + 无损检测　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国制冷行业不断发展的过程中,制冷剂的选择将直接影响到制冷效果。现阶段多数制冷企业通常选择液氨作为制冷剂。在整个制冷系统的运行过程中,液氨的储存、运输、使用涉及到多个环节。由于液氨具有腐蚀性,且气化后形成的氨气在与空气接触后容易形成爆炸性气体,所以一旦发生泄漏容易导致中毒及爆炸事故。造成液氨泄漏的原因有多种,其中,液氨储罐在制造和使用过程中产生的缺陷是造成液氨泄漏的主要原因。现阶段有多种传统无损检测技术可以检测液氨储罐的缺陷,但由于缺陷种类较多,且各种检测技术在使用过程中均存在一定的局限性,在检测环境不能达到设备检测要求的条件下很难实现对缺陷的辨识和检测。本文在以兰陵县涉氨制冷企业为研究对象的基础上对液氨储罐的缺陷进行辨识和检测。研究内容将从以下几个方面进行论述:(1)在研究传统接触式无损探测技术的基础上,比较各类技术的优缺点,以及对不同缺陷类型检测的局限性。(2)依托兰陵县涉氨制冷企业隐患排查项目,对液氨储罐进行缺陷辨识及检测,对于发现的罐壁内部腐蚀缺陷以及微泄漏点缺陷检测技术问题,进行技术检测方法的研究。(3)使用非接触式红外线检测技术对罐壁温度进行检测。爱构建热传导模型的基础上,在理论层面分析材料厚度对温度的影响,并按一定标准选取样本进行实际检测,根据检测数据拟合出温度与厚度之间的关系曲线。根据对微泄漏点检测技术问题的研究结果,使用红光外线热成像仪配合氨气检测仪、超声波测漏仪对储罐泄漏点进行实际检测。
[Abstract]:In the process of continuous development of refrigeration industry in China, the choice of refrigerant will directly affect the refrigeration effect. At this stage, most refrigeration enterprises usually choose liquid ammonia as refrigerant. In the whole operation process of refrigeration system, the storage, transportation and use of liquid ammonia involve many links. Because the liquid ammonia is corrosive and the ammonia gas formed after gasification is easy to form explosive gas after contact with air it is easy to lead to poisoning and explosion once leakage occurs. There are many reasons for liquid ammonia leakage, among which the defects in the process of manufacture and use of liquid ammonia storage tank are the main causes of liquid ammonia leakage. At present, there are many kinds of traditional nondestructive testing techniques to detect the defects of liquid ammonia storage tanks, but there are many kinds of defects, and there are some limitations in the use of various testing technologies. It is difficult to identify and detect defects under the condition that the detection environment can not meet the requirements of equipment detection. In this paper, the defects of liquid ammonia storage tanks are identified and detected on the basis of ammonia refrigeration enterprises in Lanling County. The contents of the study will be discussed from the following aspects: (1) on the basis of the study of traditional contact nondestructive detection techniques, the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies are compared. Based on the hidden trouble investigation project of ammonia refrigeration enterprises in Lanling County, the defect identification and detection of liquid ammonia storage tank are carried out, and the technical problems of detecting the inner corrosion defect of tank wall and micro-leak point defect are also discussed. The non-contact infrared detection technique is used to detect the wall temperature. On the basis of constructing heat conduction model, the influence of material thickness on temperature is analyzed theoretically, and samples are selected according to certain standards for actual detection, and the curve of relationship between temperature and thickness is fitted according to the test data. Based on the results of the research on the technical problems of micro-leak detection, the leakage point of the storage tank was detected by using the red light outside thermal imager and ammonia gas detector, and the ultrasonic leak detector was used to detect the leakage point of the storage tank.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB658

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