地质环境对滇东南岩溶石漠化发育的影响

发布时间：2018-06-04 09:18

本文选题：滇东南 + 石漠化　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：岩溶石漠化是在脆弱喀斯特地貌基础上形成的一种荒漠化生态现象。云南省石漠化较为发育,16个州(市)均有分布。而滇东南地区是岩溶石漠化最为严重的地区,部分地区达到重度石漠化的等级。影响滇东南岩溶石漠化的因素比较复杂,包括人为因素、地质因素和自然环境因素。而最为根本的原因在于滇东南脆弱的地质环境条件。所以本研究通过对前人研究成果的分析与总结,以地质学、岩溶学、生态学相关理论为指导,以详实的野外地质调查为基础,利用遥感、地理信息、google earth技术对滇东南地区进行大范围调查和研究,宏观把握滇东南的石漠化状况及其地质环境,系统地分析地质环境因素对石漠化发育的控制及影响作用。诠释了不同地质环境因素对石漠化发育及分布的重要性。通过研究取得以下认识及成果： 1、滇东南不同地区的岩溶石漠化程度不一致。通过计算分析将滇东南岩溶石漠化分为三个单元：石漠化重度单元(Ⅰ),主要包括广南、砚山、丘北、西畴、文山、蒙自、个旧、开远、泸西、罗平、师宗；石漠化中度单元(Ⅱ),主要包括富宁、麻栗坡、马关、建水、弥勒、曲靖、陆良、宜良、澄江、华宁、石林；石漠化程度轻度单元(Ⅲ,含无岩溶石漠化区域),主要包括：峨山、河口、屏边、玉溪市、通海县、石屏、江川。 2、从地貌对岩溶石漠化的影响来看,峰丛洼地和峰林洼地地貌的石漠化概率最大,常常发育为重度、中度石漠化；岩溶槽谷地貌的石漠化发生率也较大,但常常是石漠化与非石漠化的山间槽地相间分布。发生率最低的丘陵,盆地地区,一般以无石漠化、轻度石漠化为主。 3、岩性对岩溶石漠化具有明显的控制作用。纯灰岩地区石漠化发生概率比较大,且常发育为重度石漠化；白云岩与灰岩相间出露地区石漠化概率较大,常发育为中度、轻度石漠化；碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩的石漠化概率较小,常以中度、轻度石漠化为主；碎屑岩由于可溶性物质较少,所以石漠化发生的概率最小,常发育为无石漠。 4、从构造对石漠化的关系来看,断裂对岩溶石漠化的控制影响作用较大,它控制了岩溶石漠化发育的规模、类型、展布、趋势等。节理裂隙对岩溶石漠化的发育起着的控制作用,节理裂隙越发育,石漠化就越严重。 5、坡度也是岩溶石漠化重要影响因素之一。一般情况下,坡度越大,就越容易发生石漠化。地面坡度在0°～10°的地区石漠化发生的概率比较小,即使发生石漠化也主要以潜在石漠化和轻度石漠化为主。地面坡度在10°～-20°的地区石漠化发生的概率较小,主要发育轻度石漠化。地面坡度在20°～30°的地区石漠化发生的概率稍大,主要以中度石漠化为主,而30°～50°的石漠化发生概率较大,且主要发育中度、重度石漠化。50°以上的地区分布面积虽小且比较分散,但它也比较容易发生石漠化,且主要以重度石漠化为主。
[Abstract]:Karst rocky desertification is a desertification ecological phenomenon formed on the basis of the fragile Karst landform. The Rocky Desertification in Yunnan province is more developed and 16 states (cities) are distributed, while the Southeast Yunnan is the most serious karst rocky desertification area, and some areas have reached the grade of severe rocky desertification.
The factors affecting karst rocky desertification in southeastern Yunnan are complicated, including human factors, geological factors and natural environmental factors. The most fundamental reason is the fragile geological environment conditions in southeastern Yunnan. Therefore, this study is guided by the theory of geology, karstification and ecology by analyzing and summarizing the achievements of the predecessors. On the basis of field geological survey, remote sensing, geographic information and Google Earth technology are used to carry out a large scale investigation and Study on the Southeast Yunnan region. The situation of rocky desertification and its geological environment in southeastern Yunnan are grasped and the control and effect of geological environment factors on the development of rocky desertification are systematically analyzed. The importance of development and distribution.
The following understanding and achievements have been achieved through the study:
1, karst rocky desertification in different regions of Southeastern Yunnan is different. Through calculation and analysis, the karst rocky desertification in southeastern Yunnan is divided into three units: severe rocky desertification unit (I), mainly including Guangnan, Yanshan, Qiubei, Xichou, Wenshan, Mengzi, old, Kaiyuan, Luxi, Luoping, Shizong, and rocky desertification medium unit (II), mainly including Funing, Malipo, Ma Guan, Jianshui, Maitreya, Qujing, Luliang, Yiliang, Chengjiang, Hua Ning, Shilin; stone desertification degree light unit (III, containing no karst rocky desertification area), mainly include: ehan, estuary, Pingbian, Yuxi City, Tonghai County, shinping, Jiangchuan.
2, according to the effect of geomorphology on karst rocky desertification, the probability of rocky desertification in peak and cluster depression and Fenglin low-lying land is the largest, often developed into severe, moderate rocky desertification, and rock desertification in Karst Valley landforms is also larger, but it is often distributed between rocky desertification and non rocky desertification areas. There is no rocky desertification and mild rocky desertification.
3, lithology has obvious control effect on karst rocky desertification. The probability of rocky desertification in the pure limestone area is relatively large, and it often develops into severe rocky desertification. The probability of rocky desertification in the area of interphase between dolomite and limestone is relatively large, often moderately and lightly rocky, and the probability of rocky desertification in carbonate clipped clastic rocks is small, often moderate and mild stone. Desertification is the main reason for the occurrence of rocky desertification.
4, from the relation of tectonic to rocky desertification, fracture has great influence on the control of karst rocky desertification, which controls the scale, type, distribution and trend of karst rocky desertification. The joint fissure has a control effect on the development of karst rocky desertification, the more the joint fissure is, the more serious the rocky desertification is.
5, the slope is also one of the important factors affecting karst rocky desertification. In general, the larger the slope, the more likely the rocky desertification will occur. The probability of rocky desertification in the area of 0 to 10 degrees is relatively small, even if the rocky desertification occurs mainly with potential rocky desertification and mild rocky desertification, the ground slope in the area of 10 to -20 degrees is rocky desertification. The probability of occurrence is small. The probability of rocky desertification in the area with ground slope from 20 to 30 degrees is slightly larger, mainly with moderate rocky desertification, and the probability of rocky desertification in 30 to 50 degrees is larger, and the main development is moderate. The area over.50 degrees above the severe rocky desertification is small and relatively scattered, but it is also compared. It is easy to occur rocky desertification, and it is mainly severe rocky desertification.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P642.25;X141

【引证文献】