基于潜标的甚低频矢量水听器被动定位技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 14:09

本文选题：矢量水听器 + 被动定位　；参考：《哈尔滨工程大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：矢量水听器可以时间上同步、空间上共点地获取声场某点处的标量声压和质点矢量振速的三正交分量;与传统的声压水听器相比,可以提供更为完备的声场信息,为诸多水声问题提供了新的解决思路和方法。伴随着矢量水听器及矢量信号处理技术的发展,基于矢量水听器及其信号处理的应用研究已成为水声研究领域的一项重要内容。潜标作为一种常用的水下工作平台,搭载矢量水听器后可以长期地监测海洋环境噪声场,为海洋科学研究提供数据支持。论文以基于潜标的甚低频矢量水听器应用为背景,在回顾了浅海海底参数反演技术、匹配场被动定位技术、纯方位被动定位技术和矢量水听器研究现状的基础上,以目标被动定位技术为主线,研究了基于甚低频声场干涉结构的海底参数反演技术、单矢量水听器匹配场被动定位技术以及多潜标纯方位被动定位技术等内容:首先,以匹配场被动定位技术对海底声学参数的需求为出发点,研究了基于甚低频声场干涉结构的海底参数反演技术。在介绍海底参数反演基本原理的基础上,构造了基于简正波截止频率以及典型频率声波空间干涉距离的目标代价函数,并对其进行了海底参数灵敏度分析。以短时FFT法和“f-kr”域时频分析方法分析了海试爆炸脉冲信号和水面船的辐射噪声数据,获取了简正波截止频率以及典型频率的空间干涉距离,在此基础上进行了基于单矢量水听器的某海域海底参数反演工作。最后,设计了变深度声源试验对反演结果进行了验证。在海底参数反演的基础上研究了基于单矢量水听器的匹配场被动定位技术。一方面,针对窄带信号,利用有功声强和无功声强构造了目标模糊函数,通过数值匹配的方式得到了定位模糊平面。仿真分析了参数失配(矢量水听器布放深度、沉积层密度以及沉积层声速等)对单矢量水听器窄带信号匹配场定位的影响。通过数值仿真及海试数椐验证了此方法的可行性和有效性。另一方面,针对宽带信号,考虑到Bartlett匹配场处理方法易受旁瓣影响的问题,提出了一种改进的Bartlett处理器,借助矢量水听器垂直通道信息,该方法可以有效的提高定位模糊面主瓣的尖锐程度,并抑制旁瓣的干扰。数值仿真分析了参数失配对单矢量水听器宽带信号匹配场定位精度的影响。最后以海试确定性声源数据和水面船辐射噪声数据对单矢量水听器宽带信号匹配场被动定位方法进行了验证。最后,研究了多潜标纯方位被动定位技术。从纯方位被动定位系统原理出发,对基于矢量水听器的双潜标系统定位精度进行了理论分析,推导了此条件下定位误差的几何稀释度(GDOP)的具体数学表达式,给出了系统可观测的条件。并通过数值仿真分析了测向误差、布放站址误差、基线长度以及目标位置等因素对定位精度的影响。以提高系统定位精度为目的,仿真分析了三角形布站、菱形布站及“Y”形布站等四站系统的定位精度和适用条件。利用海试数据,对基于矢量水听器的双潜标纯方位被动定位系统进行了验证。
[Abstract]:The vector hydrophone can synchronize the time, obtain the three orthogonal components of the scalar pressure and the vector velocity of the particle in a point of sound field. Compared with the traditional sound pressure hydrophone, it can provide a more complete sound field information and provide a new solution and method for many underwater acoustic problems. The development of signal processing technology, based on the application of vector hydrophone and its signal processing, has become an important content in the field of underwater acoustic research. As a common underwater working platform, the submersible mark can monitor the marine environment noise field for a long time and provide data support for marine science research. The standard VLF vector hydrophone is used as the background. On the basis of retrospect of shallow sea seabed parameter inversion technology, matched field passive location technology, pure azimuth passive location technology and vector hydrophone research status, the submarine parameter inversion technology based on very low frequency sound field interference structure is studied by target passive positioning technology. The passive location technology of the matched field of vector hydrophone and the technique of multi submersible pure azimuth passive location are introduced. First, based on the requirement of the acoustic parameters of the seabed by the matched field passive positioning technique, the submarine parameter inversion technique based on the VLF sound field interference structure is studied. The target cost function based on the cut-off frequency of the normal wave and the spatial interference distance of the typical frequency acoustic wave is built, and the sensitivity analysis of the seabed parameters is carried out. The short time FFT method and the "f-kr" domain time frequency analysis method are used to analyze the sea test explosion pulse signal and the radiation noise data of the water surface ship, and obtain the cut-off frequency and the canon of the simple positive wave. The spatial interference distance of the type frequency is carried out on the basis of the single vector hydrophone. Finally, a variable depth sound source test is designed to verify the inversion results. On the basis of the inversion of the submarine parameters, the passive location technique of the matching field based on the single vector hydrophone is studied. The target fuzzy function is constructed by using the active sound intensity and the reactive sound intensity, and the positioning fuzzy plane is obtained by numerical matching. The influence of the parameter mismatch (the distribution depth of the vector hydrophone, the density of the deposition layer and the sound velocity of the deposition layer) on the matching field of the narrow band signal of a single vector water Lister is simulated and analyzed. On the other hand, considering the problem that the Bartlett matching field is easily affected by the sidelobe, an improved Bartlett processor, with the aid of the vertical channel information of the vector hydrophone, can effectively improve the point of the main lobe of the positioning fuzzy surface. The effect of parameter mismatch on the positioning accuracy of a single vector hydrophone broadband signal matching field is analyzed by numerical simulation. Finally, the passive location method of the single vector hydrophone broadband signal matching field is verified by the deterministic sound source data of the sea test and the radiation noise data of the surface ship. Finally, the multi submersible mark is studied. Based on the principle of azimuth passive positioning system, the positioning accuracy of the dual submersible system based on vector hydrophone is theoretically analyzed, the specific mathematical expression of the geometric dilution degree (GDOP) of the positioning error under this condition is derived, the conditions for the observation of the system are given, and the direction finding is analyzed by numerical simulation. In order to improve the positioning accuracy of the system, the positioning accuracy and the applicable conditions of the four station systems, such as the triangle distribution station, the rhombus station and the "Y" form station, are simulated and analyzed. The position precision and the applicable conditions of the system are simulated and analyzed. The pure azimuth of the double submersible standard based on the sea test data is used. The passive positioning system has been verified.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB565.1

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