支杆式风洞模型主动振动抑制方法与实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 15:55

本文选题：主动振动抑制 + 压电陶瓷作动器　；参考：《大连理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：跨声速风洞试验模型通常采用支杆尾撑方式,系统刚度低,进入大攻角试验状态时,在气流脉动载荷作用下,极易产生剧烈低频振动,直接影响模型载荷测量结果的准确性和试验安全性。在模型支杆系统振动的主、被动抑制方法中,采用压电陶瓷作动器进行主动控制是抑振效果较好措施之一。本文在分析支杆抑振原理的基础上,提出基于叠堆式压电陶瓷作动器的外套式结构抑振器,构建实时控制系统,对抑振系统性能进行实验研究。 (1)首先介绍了压电效应原理和叠堆式压电陶瓷作动器的输出特性,结合支杆变形的材料力学分析,推导出作动器致支杆变形方程,利用此变形即可消减气动脉动载荷在支杆末端产生的挠度。以此为原理,针对国内某型号模型支杆系统,设计外套式结构主动抑振器,并优化其安装布局形式。对所设计的抑振器的静态性能进行仿真分析,以验证方程推导和抑振器设计的合理性。 (2)基于风洞气动载荷的特点,构建一套由支杆振动测量、信号处理与放大到作动器输出反向位移的闭环控制系统。为主动抑振器匹配高实时性的系统硬件,针对作动器驱动位移滞后的问题,设计具有超前补偿能力的基于PD调节器的控制程序。为评价主动抑振系统性能,提出锤击法和激振法两种地面实验方法,给出对应的抑振器性能评价指标,搭建地面实验平台。 (3)对主动抑振器进行地面实验的研究。主动抑振器的基本输出性能与理论计算和静力仿真的结果接近,使用锤击法和激振法模拟脉动载荷对模型支杆系统进行实验,证明抑振器具有提高支杆系统阻尼,衰减模型在俯仰和偏摆两个方向上振动振幅的能力。在模型振动的俯仰方向上,抑振器将模型支杆系统俯仰方向阻尼比由0.009最多提高到0.092,抑振后剩余振幅比例最低为19.7%。探究风洞实验温降对主动抑振器性能产生的不良影响,并通过整定新的控制系统参数对这一影响进行补偿。
[Abstract]:The transonic wind tunnel test model usually adopts the way of supporting the end support, the system stiffness is low, when entering into the test state of large angle of attack, it is easy to produce violent low frequency vibration under the action of the air flow pulsating load. The accuracy of the model load measurement results and the safety of the test are directly affected. Among the active and passive vibration suppression methods of the model support system, the active control of piezoelectric actuator is one of the better measures to suppress vibration. In this paper, based on the analysis of the principle of supporting rod vibration suppression, a jacket structure vibration suppressor based on stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator is proposed, and a real-time control system is constructed. The performance of vibration suppression system is studied experimentally. (1) the principle of piezoelectric effect and the output characteristics of stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator are introduced. The deflection produced by the aerodynamic pulsation load at the end of the rod can be reduced by using this deformation. Based on this principle, an active vibration suppressor of jacket structure is designed for a model support system in China, and its installation and layout are optimized. The static performance of the designed damper is simulated and analyzed to verify the rationality of the equation derivation and the design of the damper. (2) based on the characteristics of the aerodynamic load of the wind tunnel, a set of vibration measurement by the supporting rod is constructed. Closed loop control system for signal processing and amplification to output reverse displacement of actuator. In order to match the high real-time system hardware of active vibration suppressor, a control program based on PD regulator with advanced compensation ability is designed to solve the problem of actuators driving displacement lag. In order to evaluate the performance of active vibration suppression system, two kinds of ground experiment methods, hammering method and exciting method, are put forward, the corresponding performance evaluation indexes of vibration suppressor are given, and the ground experimental platform is built. (3) the ground experiment of active vibration suppressor is studied. The basic output performance of the active vibration suppressor is close to that of the theoretical calculation and static simulation. The vibration suppression device is proved to improve the damping of the supporting rod system by using the method of hammering and exciting to simulate the pulsating load on the model support rod system. The ability of the attenuation model to vibrate in both pitching and swinging directions. In the pitch direction of the model vibration, the damping ratio of the pitch direction of the model support system is increased from 0.009 to 0.092 at most, and the ratio of residual amplitude after vibration suppression is the lowest 19.775. The adverse effect of temperature drop in wind tunnel on the performance of active vibration suppressor is investigated, and the influence is compensated by setting new control system parameters.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：V211.74;TB535

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