流化冰制取特性研究与船舶柴油机余热回收流化冰制取系统设计

发布时间：2018-07-03 19:42

本文选题：流化冰制取 + 余热利用　；参考：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济和社会不断地发展,人们生活水平在不断地提高,人们对食物的多样性和健康性的需求日益增长,进而不可避免地对自然资源的需求量不断加大。当今社会,石油、天然气、煤炭等化石能源正在被过度地开采而不断减少;空气、水资源污染,温室效应以及臭氧层破坏等环境问题亟待解决;这一切似乎与人口增长和人类对高品质生活的需求是一对不可化解的矛盾。因此,世界各国及各行各业纷纷加大了对节能减排技术的研究与探索。在此背景下,本文从水产品制冷保鲜出发,阐述了流化冰在水产品保鲜方面的优势,实验研究了刮片式制冰机的制冰特性,并且以远洋渔船为例,创新性的将船舶余热利用与提高制冰效率及海水淡化相结合,实现了跨领域的整体性的能量节约。本文首先介绍了流化冰在水产品冷藏保鲜领域相比于传统冷冻冷藏工艺的优势,并着重介绍了刮片式流化冰制冰机的特性。然后,利用现有的刮片式制冰机,以不同浓度(2~10wt%)的盐溶液和不同浓度(5~20wt%)的乙二醇溶液为制取液,分别测试了700L/h和1400L/h流量时溶液的温度变化曲线,得到两种溶液的规律大致相同,即潜热放热阶段为非相平衡状态,各浓度溶液的最终温度与其相对应的凝固点相差不大,且稍微偏低。两种循环流量时的显热放热阶段温度下降的速率不同,但最终含冰率相同。溶液的浓度越高,制冷量越小,制冷效率越低等,从而得出在冰蓄冷空调中应尽量使用低浓度乙二醇溶液制冰,而在鱼类保鲜中使用固定浓度的海水或尽量低浓度的盐水,为制冰机的实际应用和进一步改进打下了基础。再者,以远洋渔船为背景,将船舶柴油机的余热利用与流化冰制取及海水淡化相结合,创新性地设计并计算了以柴油机的烟气余热和冷却水余热为发生热,喷射式制冷与流化冰制冰两者相结合的复叠式制冷循环系统。该系统的总制冷功率可以达到2021.5 kW,相对常规制冰系统所减少的能耗功率为142.78 kW。占船舶上辅助柴油机能耗的15.86%,每年节省燃油费用70余万元。并且将船舶原有的反渗透海水淡化系统与流化冰的使用相结合,用保鲜的废冰废水代替部分常规海水,全年节能12177.13 kW/h,降低能耗达到87%。从而实现了余热的利用和制冰效率提高及降低海水淡化能耗的三重效果。总之,本文阐述了流化冰在海鲜保鲜的优势,并结合实际远洋渔船的余热利用与海水淡化的需求,创新性地设计了复叠式循环制冰系统,使得渔船的能源消耗大幅地降低。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, people's living standard is improving constantly, and the demand for diversity and health of food is increasing day by day, and then the demand for natural resources will inevitably increase. Nowadays, fossil energy, such as oil, natural gas, coal and so on, are being over-exploited, and environmental problems such as air, water pollution, Greenhouse Effect and ozone layer destruction are urgently needed to be solved. All this seems to be an insoluble contradiction with population growth and human demand for a high quality of life. Therefore, countries and industries in the world have increased the research and exploration of energy saving and emission reduction technology. Under this background, this paper expounds the advantages of fluidized ice in keeping aquatic products fresh from the point of view of refrigeration and preservation of aquatic products, studies the ice making characteristics of scraper ice making machine, and takes ocean-going fishing boats as an example. Combining the utilization of ship residual heat with the improvement of ice making efficiency and seawater desalination, the energy saving of cross-domain integrity is realized. In this paper, the advantages of fluidized ice in the field of aquatic product refrigeration and preservation are introduced firstly, and the characteristics of scraper fluidized ice making machine are emphatically introduced. Then, using the existing scraper ice making machine, the temperature change curves of the solution at the flow rate of 700L / h and 1400L / h were measured with salt solution of different concentration (210wt%) and ethylene glycol solution with different concentration (50.20wt%), respectively, and the law of the two solutions was approximately the same. That is, the latent heat exothermic stage is non-phase equilibrium state, and the final temperature of each concentration solution has little difference with its corresponding freezing point, and is slightly lower. The rate of temperature decreasing in the sensible heat release stage is different between the two cycles, but the ice content is the same in the end. The higher the concentration of the solution, the smaller the refrigerating capacity and the lower the refrigeration efficiency. It is concluded that the low concentration ethylene glycol solution should be used as far as possible to make ice in the ice storage air conditioning, and the fixed concentration of seawater or the lowest concentration of salt water should be used in the preservation of fish. It lays a foundation for the practical application and further improvement of ice-making machine. Furthermore, taking ocean-going fishing boats as the background, combining the residual heat utilization of marine diesel engine with fluidized ice production and seawater desalination, this paper creatively designs and calculates the residual heat of diesel engine smoke and cooling water as the heat of occurrence. A cascade refrigeration cycle system which combines jet refrigeration and fluidized ice making. The total cooling power of the system can reach 2021.5 kW, compared with the conventional ice-making system, the reduced energy consumption power is 142.78 kW. It accounts for 15.86% of the energy consumption of auxiliary diesel engines on board ships and saves more than 700,000 yuan in fuel costs every year. The original reverse osmosis seawater desalination system is combined with the use of fluidized ice to replace some conventional seawater with fresh waste ice wastewater, which saves energy by 12177.13 kW / h and reduces energy consumption by 87kW / h in the whole year. Thus, the utilization of waste heat and the efficiency of ice making are improved and the energy consumption of seawater desalination is reduced. In a word, this paper expounds the advantage of fluidized ice in keeping fresh seafood, combined with the utilization of waste heat of actual ocean-going fishing vessel and the demand of desalination of seawater, and creatively designs the repeated cycle ice making system, which makes the energy consumption of fishing vessel reduce greatly.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TK115;TB657.1

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