两级脉冲管制冷机驱动与控制以及级间冷量分配的理论与实验研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 14:37

  本文选题：两级高频脉冲管制冷机 + 直流驱动与控制　； 参考：《中国科学院研究生院(上海技术物理研究所)》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：当今航天设备承担着更多更复杂的功能,对能够同时提供两个温区及不同冷量的制冷机有着紧迫的需求。然而,目前国内针对两级同时取冷的高频脉冲管制冷机的研究相对比较缺乏,特别是对两级冷量分配问题也未有深入研究。此外,针对制冷机实际航天应用环境,对于两级脉冲管制冷机在直流下驱动与温度主动控制的研究也有待进一步开展。鉴于此,本文开展了两级高频脉冲管制冷机级间冷量分配以及直流下驱动与控制的理论与实验研究,主要内容和结论如下:(1)对直流下高频脉冲管制冷机驱动机理与控制方法进行理论研究。建立高频脉冲管制冷机在控制过程中的数学模型,设计专家PID控制策略,并编写相应仿真程序。针对两级脉冲管制冷机两点同时温控提出控制策略,利用控制电路配合控制算法实现两级制冷温度的同时控制。(2)对直流电源下高频脉冲管制冷机驱动与控制系统开展实验研究。设计温度信号采集与放大模块PCB电路板、H桥功率放大模块PCB电路板以及信号处理模块PCB电路板,并根据SPWM波调制方法和所设计的专家PID控制方法,基于C语言设计相应控制程序。(3)从理论和实验上研究了电压波形对脉冲管制冷机性能的影响,在一定输出功范围内,梯形波和SWCTH波驱动下制冷机性能比正弦波下更佳。此外,开展直流电源下的线性驱动实验,驱动与控制系统的能量平均转换效率达到96.21%,直流驱动下可实现与交流驱动相同效果。自动温度控制实验测试结果表明:在无外界干扰情况下,温度稳定性可达±0.2 K@2 h,当外界施加干扰时,稳定性可达±0.3 K。(4)对高频脉冲管制冷机分析优化模型进行理论研究。提出新型电路类比模型,包含高频脉冲管制冷机所有主要部件,可针对每个部件或整个制冷机进行深入定量分析和优化。此外,对两级之间连接位置进行深入理论研究,分别得到对应第二级最高制冷效率及对应第二级最低无负荷温度的级间连接位置。(5)对高频脉冲管制冷机冷指与压缩机之间最优匹配进行理论和实验研究。系统分析脉冲管冷指与线性压缩机之间相互影响,并分别提出与已有线性压缩机最优匹配的脉冲管冷指设计方法以及与已有冷指最优匹配的线性压缩机设计方法。针对已有的一台线性压缩机和冷指,分别设计直线型脉冲管冷指和线性压缩机与之进行匹配,匹配后制冷机的实验结果与模拟结果均比较吻合。对于匹配后的直线型制冷机,在制冷温度为80 K时,平均电机效率值为81.5%,制冷效率为17.2%;对于匹配后的同轴型制冷机,在制冷温度为60 K时,平均电机效率值达到83%,制冷效率达到9.6%。(6)对两级同时取冷脉冲管制冷机进行优化设计和实验研究。研究关键部件及运行状态等参数对两级冷指制冷性能以及每一级冷指入口处PV功分配的影响。此外,通过匹配理论优化已有线性压缩机,与两级冷指匹配后电机效率达到82%。两级脉冲管制冷机的实验测试结果表明:在输入电功为300 W时,两级可同时获取2.5 W@85 K和0.64 W@30 K,验证了两级冷指之间PV功分配以及冷量分配分析的正确性。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, space equipment has more and more complex functions, and it has urgent demand for the refrigerators which can provide two temperature zones and different cooling rates at the same time. However, the research on the high frequency pulse control refrigerator for the two stage cooling at the same time is relatively short, especially for the problem of the two stage cold distribution. In view of the practical space application environment of the refrigerator, the research on the drive and temperature control of the two stage pulse tube cooler under DC drive and active control is still to be further developed. In view of this, the theoretical and Experimental Research on the distribution of the cooling level of the two stage high frequency pulse tube cooler and the drive and control of DC is carried out in this paper. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) the theoretical research on the driving mechanism and control method of the high frequency pulse control refrigerator under direct current is carried out. The mathematical model of the high frequency pulse control refrigerator in the control process is set up, the expert PID control strategy is designed and the corresponding simulation program is written. The control strategy is put forward for the two point temperature control of the two stage pulse control refrigerator and the control circuit is used for coordination control. The algorithm realizes the simultaneous control of the two stage refrigeration temperature. (2) the experimental research on the drive and control system of high frequency pulse control refrigerator under DC power is carried out. The PCB circuit board of temperature signal acquisition and amplification module, the PCB circuit board of the H bridge power amplifier module and the PCB circuit board of the signal processing module are designed, and the SPWM wave modulation method and the design are designed. The expert PID control method is based on the design of the corresponding control program based on the C language. (3) the influence of the voltage waveform on the performance of the pulse control refrigerator is studied theoretically and experimentally. In a certain output power range, the performance of the trapezoid wave and the SWCTH wave is better than the sinusoidal wave. In addition, the linear drive experiment under DC power supply is carried out and the drive and the drive are carried out. The energy average conversion efficiency of the control system reaches 96.21% and the DC drive can achieve the same effect as the AC drive. The experimental results of the automatic temperature control show that the temperature stability can be up to 0.2 K@2 h without external interference, and the stability can reach up to 0.3 K. (4) for the analysis and optimization of the high frequency pulse control refrigerator. The model is studied. A new type of circuit analogy model, including all the main components of the high frequency pulse control refrigerator, can be analyzed and optimized in depth for each component or the whole chiller. In addition, the connection position between the two stages is theoretically studied, and the maximum refrigeration efficiency of the corresponding second levels and the corresponding second are obtained respectively. (5) theoretical and Experimental Research on the optimal matching between the cold finger and the compressor of the high frequency pulse tube refrigerator. The interaction between the cold finger of the pulse tube and the linear compressor is analyzed systematically, and the design method of the pulse tube cold finger with the optimal matching of the existing linear compressor is put forward and the results are given. A linear compressor design method with the optimal matching of cold finger. For a linear compressor and a cold finger, a linear pulse tube cold finger and a linear compressor are designed and matched. The experimental results of the refrigerator are in good agreement with the simulation results after matching. For the matched linear refrigerator, the cooling temperature is 80 K, The average motor efficiency is 81.5% and the refrigeration efficiency is 17.2%. For the matched coaxial chiller, the average motor efficiency reaches 83% when the cooling temperature is 60 K, and the refrigeration efficiency reaches 9.6%. (6). The optimization design and Experiment Research on the two stage simultaneous cold pulse tube refrigerator are carried out. The key components and operating conditions are studied for the two stage cold. The effect of refrigeration performance and the PV work distribution at the entrance of each stage of cold finger is discussed. In addition, the linear compressor is optimized by matching theory and the efficiency of the motor is reached to the 82%. two stage pulse tube refrigerator after matching the two stage cold finger. The results show that at the input power of 300 W, the two level can simultaneously obtain 2.5 W@85 K and 0.64 W@30 K, which is verified. The correctness of the PV power distribution and the cold load distribution analysis between the two grade cold fingers.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(上海技术物理研究所)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TB651
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本文编号：2105266