变刚度动力吸振技术控制轴系非平稳振动的研究
发布时间：2018-07-20 19:16
【摘要】：动力装置轴系的振动会导致噪声辐射和结构疲劳损伤等问题，尤其是在启动、停止的变速过程中，，振动会更加严重。以往对稳态振动的控制已经有广泛的理论和应用研究，并且形成了比较成熟的技术。而对变速过程中的非稳态振动的控制，尚缺乏完善的理论分析，也缺乏有效的技术。本论文针对性地开展这方面的研究，建立相关问题的理论模型，提出变刚度动力吸振的技术方案和算法，并结合电机和船舶轴系的纵向振动通过计算仿真进行检验。具体研究步骤分为以下几点： 1、对国内外的动力吸振器变刚度技术的研究现状和应用现状进行了论述，就现有的各种技术实现方式的原理、刚度变化范围、刚度相应速度和适用性等性能进行了分析和比较，特别是对其中重要性能进行了比较深入的分析。 2、以电机启动过程产生的非平稳振动为作为典型问题进行算法研究。分别采用拟稳态控制算法、遗传算法，运用matlab软件对该系统进行受迫振动仿真，比较了两者的优缺点，从而提出结合两者优点的改进的拟稳态控制算法，并通过对比分析验证了该算法的有效性。 3、建立了船舶轴系纵向非平稳振动的理论模型。通过对船舶轴系振动计算方法的研究，为某一轴系选择有效的理论计算方法。将改进的拟稳态控制算法应用于船舶轴系纵振的研究。利用matlab软件进行对比分析，并验证该算法的有效性。 通过以上几点的分析，本文主要获得的研究成果如下： 1、在变刚度技术的实现发面，磁流变弹性体的拉伸或剪切模量等可以由磁场或者电流源的改变而连续变化，通过外部条件的变化，更易于实现半主动控制。特别是针对非稳态振动控制，吸振器的刚度需要产生连续的变化，此时磁流变式半主动动力吸振器将获得更好的效果。 2、在变刚度算法的选择方面，拟稳态控制算法受限于转速的变化，不能广泛的适用于各种工况；遗传算法优化变刚度方法根据实时采集到的不平衡转子的旋转速度、旋转加速度等进行优化计算需要一定的响应时间，不能很好地对系统进行实时控制。通过对电机和船舶轴系纵向非稳态振动的研究发现，改进的拟稳态算法能很好的适用非稳态振动的控制，该算法可以得到控制效果，又有效的解决了实时控制中遗传算法优化计算响应时间较长的问题。 本文在研究过程中，首先对变刚度技术的研究现状和进展进行了论述，不仅可以为半主动振动的控制提供参考，而且在此基础上，结合电机和船舶轴系纵向的非稳态振动提出了有效的的变刚度方案和算法，很好地解决了非稳态振动的控制问题。
[Abstract]:The vibration of the shafting of the power plant can cause the problems of noise radiation and structural fatigue damage , especially in the process of starting and stopping .
1 . The research status and application situation of the variable stiffness technology of the dynamic vibration absorber at home and abroad are discussed , and the principle , the rigidity change range , the rigidity corresponding speed and the applicability are analyzed and compared in the prior art , especially the important performance is deeply analyzed .
2 . The non - stationary vibration generated by the starting process of the motor is studied as a typical problem . The proposed steady - state control algorithm , genetic algorithm and matlab software are used to simulate the forced vibration of the system . The advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are compared , and the improved quasi - steady - state control algorithm combining the advantages of the two is proposed , and the validity of the algorithm is verified by comparison analysis .
3 . The theoretical model of ship shafting longitudinal non - stationary vibration is established . By studying the method of ship shafting vibration calculation , an effective theoretical calculation method is selected for a shaft system . The improved quasi - steady - state control algorithm is applied to the study of the longitudinal vibration of ship shafting . The comparison and analysis of Matlab software is used to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm .
Through the above analysis , the main research results are as follows :
1 . In the realization of the variable stiffness technology , the tensile or shear modulus of the magneto - rheological elastomer can be continuously changed by the change of the magnetic field or the current source , and the semi - active control can be realized more easily through the change of the external condition . Especially for the unsteady vibration control , the rigidity of the vibration absorber needs to generate continuous change , and at this time , the magneto - rheological semi - active power absorber will achieve better effect .
2 . In the choice of variable stiffness algorithm , quasi - steady state control algorithm is limited by the change of rotational speed , which can not be widely applied to various working conditions .
The optimization of the variable stiffness method based on the genetic algorithm requires a certain response time based on the rotational speed , rotational acceleration and the like of the unbalanced rotor collected in real time . It is found that the improved quasi - steady state algorithm can be applied to the control of the unsteady vibration well . The algorithm can get the control effect and effectively solve the problem that the response time of the genetic algorithm in real - time control is longer .
In this paper , the research status and progress of the variable stiffness technology are discussed firstly , which can not only provide reference for the control of semi - active vibration , but also put forward the effective variable stiffness scheme and algorithm based on the unsteady vibration in the longitudinal direction of the motor and the ship shaft system , and the control problem of the unsteady vibration is well solved .
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB535.1
本文编号：2134500
[Abstract]:The vibration of the shafting of the power plant can cause the problems of noise radiation and structural fatigue damage , especially in the process of starting and stopping .
1 . The research status and application situation of the variable stiffness technology of the dynamic vibration absorber at home and abroad are discussed , and the principle , the rigidity change range , the rigidity corresponding speed and the applicability are analyzed and compared in the prior art , especially the important performance is deeply analyzed .
2 . The non - stationary vibration generated by the starting process of the motor is studied as a typical problem . The proposed steady - state control algorithm , genetic algorithm and matlab software are used to simulate the forced vibration of the system . The advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are compared , and the improved quasi - steady - state control algorithm combining the advantages of the two is proposed , and the validity of the algorithm is verified by comparison analysis .
3 . The theoretical model of ship shafting longitudinal non - stationary vibration is established . By studying the method of ship shafting vibration calculation , an effective theoretical calculation method is selected for a shaft system . The improved quasi - steady - state control algorithm is applied to the study of the longitudinal vibration of ship shafting . The comparison and analysis of Matlab software is used to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm .
Through the above analysis , the main research results are as follows :
1 . In the realization of the variable stiffness technology , the tensile or shear modulus of the magneto - rheological elastomer can be continuously changed by the change of the magnetic field or the current source , and the semi - active control can be realized more easily through the change of the external condition . Especially for the unsteady vibration control , the rigidity of the vibration absorber needs to generate continuous change , and at this time , the magneto - rheological semi - active power absorber will achieve better effect .
2 . In the choice of variable stiffness algorithm , quasi - steady state control algorithm is limited by the change of rotational speed , which can not be widely applied to various working conditions .
The optimization of the variable stiffness method based on the genetic algorithm requires a certain response time based on the rotational speed , rotational acceleration and the like of the unbalanced rotor collected in real time . It is found that the improved quasi - steady state algorithm can be applied to the control of the unsteady vibration well . The algorithm can get the control effect and effectively solve the problem that the response time of the genetic algorithm in real - time control is longer .
In this paper , the research status and progress of the variable stiffness technology are discussed firstly , which can not only provide reference for the control of semi - active vibration , but also put forward the effective variable stiffness scheme and algorithm based on the unsteady vibration in the longitudinal direction of the motor and the ship shaft system , and the control problem of the unsteady vibration is well solved .
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB535.1
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