工业摄影测量中光学投点器的性能研究与应用

发布时间：2018-07-23 14:04

【摘要】：随着工业摄影测量系统的应用越来越广泛,精度要求越来越高,环境越来越多样化,实时动态测量等要求被不断提出。特别是对高温、有毒等无法接触到的测量对象的测量工作,采用投射光学标志点的方法进行测量成为一种切实有效的测量方法,但是国内针对光学投点器性能及精度的研究很少。结合这一发展和需求背景,论文对光学投点器的光学原理、基本性能和基于投射光学标志点的工业摄影测量系统的精度进行了研究,论文的主要内容如下:1、对光学投点器的光学原理和投射器的结构组成进行了研究,为后面参数的优化设置提供了理论基础。2、研究分析了光学投点器自身参数设置对投点亮度的影响,通过测试试验分析了光学投点器输出功率、光圈大小与投点亮度的关系。3、采用测量重复性测试和对比测试相结合的精度测试方法,从内外符合精度两个方面对基于光学标志点的工业摄影测量系统的精度进行了测试研究。4、对不同测量对象,特别是黑色等吸光性较强的测量对象的投点效果进行了优化研究,提出采用喷涂显影剂的方法提高投点效果和测量精度,并通过试验验证这一方法的有效性。5、对粘贴的编码标志点与投射的光学标志点不兼容,编码标志点在平差过程中会被判为无效点的问题以及基于编码标志点进行的多站拼接测量精度降低的问题进行了复现试验,并在此基础上分析发现了问题的原因——相机闪光灯引闪光学投点器闪光灯的时间延迟。最后提出解决这两个问题的方法——缩短相机曝光时间和用脚架固定相机拍摄,通过试验证明这一方法可行且有效。
[Abstract]:With the application of industrial photogrammetry system more and more widely, the requirement of precision is more and more high, the environment is more and more diverse, and the requirement of real-time dynamic measurement has been put forward constantly. Especially for the measurement of objects that cannot be reached by high temperature, poison and so on, the method of projecting optical markers has become a practical and effective measurement method. However, there are few researches on the performance and precision of optical dot-point devices in China. Combined with this development and requirement background, the optical principle, basic performance and precision of industrial photogrammetry system based on projective optical markers are studied in this paper. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The optical principle and the structure of the projector are studied. It provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of the parameters. 2. The influence of the parameters of the optical switch on the luminance of the projector is analyzed. The output power of the optical switch is analyzed by testing and testing. The relationship between the aperture size and the brightness of the projection point. 3. The precision measurement method combining repeatability test and contrast test is used. The precision of the industrial photogrammetry system based on optical mark point is tested and studied from two aspects of the accuracy of internal and external coincidence. The effects of different measuring objects, especially those with high absorbency of black, are optimized. In this paper, the method of spraying contrast agent is proposed to improve the effect of injection point and the accuracy of measurement. The validity of this method is verified by experiments. The method is not compatible with the coded mark point and the optical mark point of projection. The problem that the coded marker points will be judged as invalid points in the course of adjustment and the problem that the measurement accuracy of multi-station splicing based on coded markers is reduced is reappeared in this paper. On the basis of the analysis, the reason of the problem is found: the time delay of the camera flash lead flash switch flash. Finally, a method to solve these two problems is proposed, which is to shorten the exposure time of the camera and to shoot the camera with a scaffold. The experiments show that this method is feasible and effective.
【学位授予单位】：华北水利水电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB22;P234.1

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