自感知自供能磁流变阻尼器及其控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 20:47

【摘要】：磁流变阻尼器因具有能耗低、出力大、响应快等优点,已成为结构振动控制新一代的高性能减振装置。目前,磁流变阻尼器在理论与试验研究方面都取得了很大的进展,但磁流变控制系统需要配置供电电源、传感器及控制器等设备方可工作,这导致整个系统可靠性降低,在一定程度上限制了磁流变减振技术的工程应用。为了解决附加设备引入的问题,本文采用光电传感器以实现磁流变阻尼器的自感知,采用压电集能结构或磁电集能结构以实现自供能,并对其相关技术展开研究,具体的研究工作如下:(1)考虑到磁电式速度自感知结构存在漏磁、体积大、不易集成和高速下线性度差等问题,基于光电鼠标的工作原理,设计制备了能耗低、体积小、易集成的光电传感器,以实现阻尼器活塞杆速度的非接触性测量。采用了平均速度代替瞬时速度的测量方法,并理论分析了该方法导致的速度测量相对误差。通过样机制备和性能测试,验证了光电速度自感知单元的有效性。将自感知单元与阻尼器进行集成,搭建速度自感知磁流变控制系统,并测试分析了系统在速度自反馈控制策略下阻尼力的输出特性,结果表明,自感知阻尼器实际输出阻尼力基本上可以跟踪实现理论阻尼力,但在相位上略滞后于理论阻尼力。(2)鉴于磁流变阻尼器仅需数瓦级的电能即可实现阻尼力的大幅度调节,将新能源压电技术和磁流变控制技术相结合,提出了一种压电自供能磁流变控制系统。基于简单Bang-Bang控制策略的改进,提出了压电自供能系统的控制策略。以变形协调和能量需求为准则,提出了压电集能装置的设计方法。以滨州黄河大桥上的N26号原型索减振系统和1个五层建筑隔震系统为例,通过设计与仿真,验证了压电自供能控制系统的可行性与有效性。(3)低频高幅值荷载激励条件下,对30层、50层和80层等三个层数不同的压电堆(截面积为32×32mm2),在开路和外接电阻两种状态下进行了测试,开展了压电电压系数和功率输出特性随预压应力、激励频率和压应力幅值等影响因素的变化规律研究。压电堆集能装置在预压应力上存在一个极限值,高于该极限值压电装置集能功率将大幅度降低。以最大出力为1t的磁流变阻尼器能量需求为设计目标,根据测试结果,进行了功率和阻抗匹配可行性分析,发现可以实现阻尼器的功率需求,但阻抗匹配仍存在问题。(4)鉴于已有磁电式自供能磁流变阻尼器的不足,基于滚珠丝杠与旋转式永磁直流发电机,提出了一种集成化程度高的新型磁电自供能磁流变阻尼器。考虑涡流效应和材料磁滞特性对磁化电流的影响,对该类阻尼器进行了理论分析,建立了其力学模型。通过对最大出力为10k N的原型机进行系统的测试与分析,研究了所提阻尼器的电学和力学特性随外激励的变化规律,并根据实验结果对所建立的理论模型进行了参数识别和修正。(5)基于磁电式自供能磁流变阻尼器,构建了新型的自供能磁流变控制系统,对系统采用的被动自适应控制策略与已有被动控制策略和半主动控制策略进行了对比分析。以最大控制力相等准则、最大功率需求准则和控制指标最优化准则,提出了系统中阻尼器参数的设计方法。对一个5层建筑隔震模型进行设计与分析,验证了设计方法的可行性,根据优化系统参数进行分析,并通过不同控制策略控制效果的对比,验证了控制系统的有效性。
[Abstract]:Magnetorheological damper has become a new generation of high performance vibration damping device for the new generation of structural vibration control because of its advantages of low energy consumption, large output and quick response. At present, magnetorheological damper has made great progress in theory and test research, but the magnetorheological control system needs to be equipped with power supply, sensors and controllers. In order to solve the problem of additional equipment, this paper uses photoelectric sensor to realize self sensing of magnetorheological damper, using piezoelectric energy collecting structure or magnetoelectric energy collection structure to realize self supply and related technology to its related technology. The specific research work is as follows: (1) considering the problems of magnetic electric velocity self sensing structure, such as magnetic leakage, large volume, uneasy integration and poor high-speed downline degree, based on the working principle of the optoelectronic mouse, a photoelectric sensor with low energy consumption, small volume and easy integration is designed to realize the non contact of the speed of the damper piston rod. The measurement method of the average velocity is used to replace the instantaneous velocity, and the relative error of the velocity measurement caused by the method is analyzed theoretically. The validity of the photoelectric speed self sensing unit is verified by the sample preparation and the performance test. The self sensing unit and the damper are integrated to build the speed self sensing magnetorheological control system. The output characteristics of the damper under the speed self feedback control strategy are analyzed. The results show that the actual damping force of the self sensing damper can basically track the theoretical damping force, but it is slightly lagging behind the theoretical damping force in the phase. (2) the large amplitude of the damping force can be achieved in the view of the magnetorheological damper only a number of watts of electrical energy is needed. With the combination of the new energy piezoelectric technology and the magnetorheological control technology, a piezoelectric self supplying energy magnetorheological control system is proposed. Based on the improvement of the simple Bang-Bang control strategy, the control strategy of the piezoelectric self supplying energy system is put forward. The design method of the piezoelectric energy collecting device is put forward based on the deformation coordination and the energy demand. In Binzhou, the design method of the piezoelectric energy collecting device is put forward. As an example of the N26 prototype cable vibration damping system of the the Yellow River bridge and the 1 five storey building isolation system, the feasibility and effectiveness of the piezoelectric self supply control system are verified by design and simulation. (3) under the condition of low frequency and high amplitude load, three layers of different number of piezoelectric reactors (section area of 32 x 32mm2), such as 50 layers and 80 layers, are made under the condition of low frequency and high amplitude load. The external resistance is tested in two states, and the variation law of the voltage coefficient and power output characteristic with the prestress stress, the excitation frequency and the amplitude of the pressure stress is studied. There is a limit value in the preloading stress of the PZT set, which is higher than that of the limit value piezoelectric device. The energy demand of the magnetorheological damper with the maximum output of 1t is designed. According to the test results, the feasibility analysis of the power and impedance matching is carried out. It is found that the power demand of the damper can be realized, but the impedance matching still has problems. (4) in view of the shortage of the existing magnetorheological damper, the ball screw and the rotating permanent magnet are based on the shortcomings of the existing magnetorheological damper. A new type of magnetorheological damper with high integration level is put forward in magnetic DC generator. Considering the effect of eddy current and material hysteresis on magnetization current, this kind of damper is analyzed theoretically and its mechanical model is established. The system is tested and analyzed by the system of the prototype machine with the maximum output of 10K N. The electrical and mechanical characteristics of the proposed damper vary with the external excitation, and the theoretical model is identified and corrected according to the experimental results. (5) a new type of self supplying energy magnetorheological control system is constructed based on the magnetorheological self supplying energy magnetorheological damper, and the passive adaptive control strategy for the system has been adopted. The passive control strategy and the semi-active control strategy are compared and analyzed. The design method of the damper parameters in the system is presented with the maximum control force equality criterion, the maximum power demand criterion and the control index optimization criterion. The design and analysis of a 5 storey building isolation model are carried out, and the feasibility of the design method is verified. The parameters of the system are analyzed, and the effectiveness of the control system is verified by comparing the control effects of different control strategies.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB535

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