生物丁醇精馏过程故障诊断与安全评价研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 10:50

【摘要】：随着工业生产规模的不断扩大,其安全性、稳定性和周期性运行显得更为重要。以国内生物发酵制丁醇工艺过程为研究背景,由于其原料及产物具有易燃易爆、有毒的理化特性,对其展开危险源辨识、预先危险性分析、化工过程故障诊断和安全评价的综合研究,对化工行业的安全生产具有指导意义。(1)介绍了丁醇的性质、用途以及特性,讲述了几种生产丁醇的工艺方法和国内外生产现状,在此基础上重点研究梭菌发酵生产生物丁醇的工艺与方法。初步辨识工艺过程中的潜在危险性。(2)在对生物法发酵制丁醇的生产工艺介绍和生产过程危险性辨识的基础上,对工艺过程的各个环节进行初步的危险性识别、分类,在此辨别、分析的基础上,进一步对危险源预处理过程进行PHA分析,指出化工过程存在着火灾、爆炸、中毒等事故隐患。(3)着重介绍了丁醇精馏过程故障诊断的基本原理与方法,阐述了在化工生产过程应用故障诊断的重大意义。对故障诊断方法进行了详细的分类和特点说明,并以丁醇精馏过程作为具体的研究对象,针对该精馏反应的特点及对过程信息获取情况,应用了专家系统故障诊断方法实现对丁醇精馏过程的故障检测与诊断。(4)基于国内外安全评价得到研究现状,结合丁醇精馏工艺生产过程的特点,对丁醇精馏过程中的主要危险源进行辨析、分类,分析在丁醇合成过程中起到危害安全的不利因素,对潜在的危害因素进行易燃易爆、有害重大危险源安全评价,并根据评价结果提出了控制危险的措施与方法,从而达到安全生产的目的。本文通过对生物法制丁醇工艺过程的安全性研究,为化工行业应用系统安全分析与安全评价提供了参考依据和理论意义。对国内外化工行业领域今后的安全分析、化工过程故障诊断、事故安全评价、事故风险控制以及提高安全管理水平具有现实意义。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of industrial production scale, its safety, stability and periodic operation become more important. Based on the domestic biological fermentation process for butanol production, because of its flammable, explosive and toxic physical and chemical properties, the hazard source identification and pre-hazard analysis were carried out for its raw materials and products. The comprehensive research on fault diagnosis and safety evaluation of chemical process is of guiding significance to the safety production of chemical industry. (1) the properties, applications and characteristics of butanol are introduced, and several process methods for the production of butanol and the present production situation at home and abroad are described. On this basis, the process and method of producing biological butanol by Clostridium spp. (2) on the basis of the introduction of the production process of the biological fermentation to produce butanol and the identification of the risk of the production process, the preliminary risk identification and classification of each link of the process are carried out. On the basis of the analysis, the PHA analysis of the pretreatment process of hazard source is carried out, and the hidden dangers of fire, explosion and poisoning in chemical process are pointed out. (3) the basic principle and method of fault diagnosis in butanol distillation process are introduced emphatically. The great significance of application of fault diagnosis in chemical production process is expounded. The methods of fault diagnosis are classified and described in detail, and the butanol distillation process is taken as the specific research object, according to the characteristics of the distillation reaction and the information acquisition of the process. The fault detection and diagnosis of butanol distillation process is realized by using expert system fault diagnosis method. (4) based on the present situation of safety evaluation at home and abroad, combined with the characteristics of the production process of butanol distillation process, The main hazard sources in the process of distillation of butanol were analyzed and classified, and the unfavorable factors which were harmful to the safety in the process of synthesis of butanol were analyzed, and the flammable and explosive potential hazard factors were evaluated, and the safety of the major hazardous sources was evaluated. According to the result of evaluation, the measures and methods of controlling danger are put forward, so as to achieve the goal of safety in production. In this paper, the safety of the biological butanol process is studied, which provides a reference and theoretical significance for the safety analysis and safety evaluation of the chemical industry application system. It is of practical significance for safety analysis, fault diagnosis of chemical process, accident safety evaluation, accident risk control and improvement of safety management level in the field of chemical industry at home and abroad.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ923;TQ028.31

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